M2- Worship and Work

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surviving written records focus on performance of

imported religious music

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one of the earliest Atlantic settlements in Jacksonville was what + established when and by who

Fort Caroline + 1564 by French Huguenots

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Huguenots are what religion and were persecuted by

Protestant + Catholics

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Huguenots sang from what book?

Bible’s Book of Psalms

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Who did Huguenots teach psalm melodies to?

Native American Indian tribes

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most influential advocate of psalm-singing

Jean Calvin

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Jean Calving occupation + birthplace

theologian + Switzerland

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Jean Calvin believed what about singing (4)

  • Protestants should sing as a congregation

  • should sing in Latin

  • should sing in unison (polyphony is distracting from message)

  • words come from Bible

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term for “in the chapel style”

a cappella

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vocal music with no instrumental support

a cappella

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underlined places emphasize

which syllables are stressed

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Common Meter pattern

8.6.8.6

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Long Meter pattern

8.8.8.8

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Short Meter

6.6.8.6

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rhymed settings AKA

metrical psalms

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number of psalms in Bible

150

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published books with retranslated psalms

psalters

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Jean Calvin oversaw creation of

“Genevan Psalter”

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Psalm 134 is

“Arise, you servants of the Lord”

  • Protestant Doxology

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Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter AKA

“Old Psalter”

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Old Psalter borrowed tune of 134 for

Psalm 100

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Doxology nickname

“Old Hundred”

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Pilgrims carried which copy of 134

1612 Ainsworth Psalter

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Puritans in Massachusetts Colony Bay weren’t happy with overseas psalms so

30 ministers retranslated psalms

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30 minister retranslation book called

“The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully translated into English Metre

  • Bay Psalm Book

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How many meters did Massachusetts Bay Colony ministers use?

6 (therefore only 6 tunes were used)

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How many copies of Bay Psalm Book were published over 120 years?

30

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1698 Bay Psalm Book had (9th edition)

appendix with 13 melodies

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9th Bay Psalm Book is first

notated music printed in northern colonies

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small numbers of meters in 17th century meant

musical literacy was shrinking

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precentor

church member with strong voice

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lining-out

precentor sets the tune + remaining singers echo

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Thomas Walter quote on lining-out

“confused and disorderly Noises”

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Who published a sermon against lining-out in 1720?

Thomas SymmesT

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Thomas Symmes term for lining-out

Usual Way

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Regular Music AKA

musical literacy

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Regular Singing was argued to be

“more pleasing in the sight of God.”

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1721 was milestone for Regular Singing b/c (2)

2 separate music instruction books published:

  • Reverend John Tufts (An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes)

  • Thomas Walter (The Grounds and Rules of Musick, Explained; or, An Introduction to the Art of Singing by Note)

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What was potentially the first “original” piece published in the Atlantic colonies?

100 Psalm New Tune (in Tuft’s 5th edition with 37 pieces)

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Walter published which potentially original piece

Southwel New

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singing schools started around

1714

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singing schools would wean people away from

secular music (non-religious)

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How were singing schools advertised?

newspaper or broadside

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milestone for new collections of psalm tunes (after 1721)

James Lyon’s Urania

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Urania had how many pages + compositions

198 pages + 96 compositions

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Urania mostly contained publications from

England (pirated)

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Urania had broader repertory such as

hymns + anthems

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hymns definition

strophic religious texts that were not scriptural in origin

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hymns were four-voice homophonic AKA

plain tunes

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anthems were crafted as

set-pieces

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set-pieces definition

compositions designed to support a particular (non-strophic) sacred poem

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God Save the King was used for which American tune

America

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1760s publications expanded American repertory by

300 (quadruple)

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1770 landmark

first New World publication devoted entirely to works by a single American-born composer

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1st New World publication for specifically America works composer + name

William Billings + The New England Psalm-Singer (American Chorister)

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Billings was the 1st American to

try to make music primary income

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How many volumes + pieces did William Billings compose?

6 volumes + 375 pieces

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Where was Usual Way prominent?

rural areas

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Usual Way has a clear feeling of

community

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Why was there more demand for tunebooks in late 17th century?

more enthusiasm for harder music due to Regular Singing

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fugues were made popular by

European Baroque composers

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fugue 2 parts

homophonic (sacred 4-voice) plain tune + polyphony fugue

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Billings 2nd tunebook

The Singing Master’s Assistant (1778)

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The Singing Master’s Assistant has how many fuging tunes

10

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new wave of American composers in late 18th century called

Yankee Tunesmiths + First New England School

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Daniel Read composed how many tunes

400+

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Daniel Read life story

  • born poor in Massachusetts

  • served as private in Revolutionary War

  • moved to New Haven to run a publishing business

  • ran general store

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Daniel Read was the first to

publish a music periodical in America

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Daniel Read’s periodical name

The American Music Magazine

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Read story with wooing

wanted to marry Jerusha Sherman but was too poor so her father wouldn’t allow it

  • married after his businesses prospered

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Read was the 2nd American to

produce a volume of compositions by one person (after Billings)

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Read’s tunebooks

The American Singing Book + The Columbian Harmonist (borrowed music)

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Which of Read’s books were issued with supplements + how many supplements?

The American Singing Book (5)

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Sherburne has been reprinted __ times b/w 1785-1810

78

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English copyright law

Statute of Anne

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Statute of Anne

provided British subjects 14 years of exclusive copyright

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Who petitioned for copyright law to the Connecticut General Assembly?

Andrew Law

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When was the 1st Federal Copyright Law passed?

1790

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Who pirated from the American Singing Book + Read stole from in return?

The Worcester Collection

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Sherburne’s poetry is from who + what was the topic

Nahum Tate + Christmas hymn

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Tate based Christmas hymn on what

nativity story of Bible (Gospel of Luke)

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Sherburne is what metrical pattern

Common Meter

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Sherburne is in what key?

D major

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What prefaced The American Singing Book?

Concise Rules (explanation of C symbol)

  • cut-time

  • Allegro tempo

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