M2- Worship and Work

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219 Terms

1
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surviving written records focus on performance of
imported religious music
2
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one of the earliest Atlantic settlements in Jacksonville was what + established when and by who
Fort Caroline + 1564 by French Huguenots
3
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Huguenots are what religion and were persecuted by
Protestant + Catholics
4
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Huguenots sang from what book?
Bible’s Book of Psalms
5
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Who did Huguenots teach psalm melodies to?
Native American Indian tribes
6
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most influential advocate of psalm-singing
Jean Calvin
7
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Jean Calving occupation + birthplace
theologian + Switzerland
8
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Jean Calvin believed what about singing (4)
* Protestants should sing as a congregation
* should sing in Latin
* should sing in unison (polyphony is distracting from message)
* words come from Bible
9
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term for “in the chapel style”
a cappella
10
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vocal music with no instrumental support
a cappella
11
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underlined places emphasize
which syllables are stressed
12
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Common Meter pattern
8\.6.8.6
13
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Long Meter pattern
8\.8.8.8
14
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Short Meter
6\.6.8.6
15
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rhymed settings AKA
metrical psalms
16
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number of psalms in Bible
150
17
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published books with retranslated psalms
psalters
18
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Jean Calvin oversaw creation of
“Genevan Psalter”
19
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Psalm 134 is
“Arise, you servants of the Lord”

* Protestant Doxology
20
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Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter AKA
“Old Psalter”
21
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Old Psalter borrowed tune of 134 for
Psalm 100
22
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Doxology nickname
“Old Hundred”
23
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Pilgrims carried which copy of 134
1612 Ainsworth Psalter
24
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Puritans in Massachusetts Colony Bay weren’t happy with overseas psalms so
30 ministers retranslated psalms
25
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30 minister retranslation book called
“The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully translated into English Metre

* Bay Psalm Book
26
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How many meters did Massachusetts Bay Colony ministers use?
6 (therefore only 6 tunes were used)
27
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How many copies of Bay Psalm Book were published over 120 years?
30
28
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1698 Bay Psalm Book had (9th edition)
appendix with 13 melodies
29
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9th Bay Psalm Book is first
notated music printed in northern colonies
30
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small numbers of meters in 17th century meant
musical literacy was shrinking
31
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precentor
church member with strong voice
32
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lining-out
precentor sets the tune + remaining singers echo
33
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Thomas Walter quote on lining-out
“confused and disorderly Noises”
34
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Who published a sermon against lining-out in 1720?
Thomas SymmesT
35
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Thomas Symmes term for lining-out
Usual Way
36
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Regular Music AKA
musical literacy
37
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Regular Singing was argued to be
“more pleasing in the sight of God.”
38
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1721 was milestone for Regular Singing b/c (2)
2 separate music instruction books published:

* Reverend John Tufts (An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes)
* Thomas Walter (The Grounds and Rules of Musick, Explained; or, An Introduction to the Art of Singing by Note)
39
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What was potentially the first “original” piece published in the Atlantic colonies?
100 Psalm New Tune (in Tuft’s 5th edition with 37 pieces)
40
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Walter published which potentially original piece
Southwel New
41
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singing schools started around
1714
42
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singing schools would wean people away from
secular music (non-religious)
43
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How were singing schools advertised?
newspaper or broadside
44
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milestone for new collections of psalm tunes (after 1721)
James Lyon’s Urania
45
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Urania had how many pages + compositions
198 pages + 96 compositions
46
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Urania mostly contained publications from
England (pirated)
47
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Urania had broader repertory such as
hymns + anthems
48
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hymns definition
strophic religious texts that were not scriptural in origin
49
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hymns were four-voice homophonic AKA
plain tunes
50
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anthems were crafted as
set-pieces
51
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set-pieces definition
compositions designed to support a particular (non-strophic) sacred poem
52
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God Save the King was used for which American tune
America
53
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1760s publications expanded American repertory by
300 (quadruple)
54
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1770 landmark
first New World publication devoted entirely to works by a single American-born composer
55
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1st New World publication for specifically America works composer + name
William Billings + The New England Psalm-Singer (American Chorister)
56
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Billings was the 1st American to
try to make music primary income
57
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How many volumes + pieces did William Billings compose?
6 volumes + 375 pieces
58
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Where was Usual Way prominent?
rural areas
59
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Usual Way has a clear feeling of
community
60
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Why was there more demand for tunebooks in late 17th century?
more enthusiasm for harder music due to Regular Singing
61
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fugues were made popular by
European Baroque composers
62
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fugue 2 parts
homophonic (sacred 4-voice) plain tune + polyphony fugue
63
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Billings 2nd tunebook
The Singing Master’s Assistant (1778)
64
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The Singing Master’s Assistant has how many fuging tunes
10
65
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new wave of American composers in late 18th century called
Yankee Tunesmiths + First New England School
66
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Daniel Read composed how many tunes
400+
67
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Daniel Read life story
* born poor in Massachusetts
* served as private in Revolutionary War
* moved to New Haven to run a publishing business
* ran general store
68
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Daniel Read was the first to
publish a music periodical in America
69
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Daniel Read’s periodical name
The American Music Magazine
70
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Read story with wooing
wanted to marry Jerusha Sherman but was too poor so her father wouldn’t allow it

* married after his businesses prospered
71
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Read was the 2nd American to
produce a volume of compositions by one person (after Billings)
72
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Read’s tunebooks
The American Singing Book + The Columbian Harmonist (borrowed music)
73
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Which of Read’s books were issued with supplements + how many supplements?
The American Singing Book (5)
74
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Sherburne has been reprinted __ times b/w 1785-1810
78
75
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English copyright law
Statute of Anne
76
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Statute of Anne
provided British subjects 14 years of exclusive copyright
77
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Who petitioned for copyright law to the Connecticut General Assembly?
Andrew Law
78
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When was the 1st Federal Copyright Law passed?
1790
79
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Who pirated from the American Singing Book + Read stole from in return?
The Worcester Collection
80
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Sherburne’s poetry is from who + what was the topic
Nahum Tate + Christmas hymn
81
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Tate based Christmas hymn on what
nativity story of Bible (Gospel of Luke)
82
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Sherburne is what metrical pattern
Common Meter
83
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Sherburne is in what key?
D major
84
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What prefaced The American Singing Book?
Concise Rules (explanation of C symbol)

* cut-time
* Allegro tempo
85
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“revival” camp
religious gatherings of 25,000 people
86
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popular collection of songs
The Sacred Harp
87
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What did Carolinas, Georgia, and Virginia support with tax revenues?
Anglican Church
88
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What was central to the Anglican Church?
organ
89
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Who forbade the use of an organ?
Calvinist churches
90
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Beverly Diamond says what about Native American music access
most Native Americans do not favor complete restriction
91
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new groups of Christian communities who didn’t speak English formed
foreign enclaves
92
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Moravian Church original name
Unitas Fratrum (Unity of Brethren)
93
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Moravians originated from
Czech Republic
94
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Moravian sect nearly collapsed during the
Thirty Years’ War
95
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Who provided Moravians with refuge?
aristocrat in Saxony

* Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zizendorf
96
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With protection, Moravians focused on
missionary efforts
97
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Why was Georgia founded?
to serve as a buffer b/w Florida and Carolinas
98
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Who founded Georgia?
James Edward Oglethorpe
99
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Oglethorpe was a driving force in
Act of 1735 (forbade slavery)
100
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Oglethorpe viewed religious groups as
stabilizing the colony