Anthropology and Archaeology Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to anthropology and archaeology, focusing on human evolution, archaeological methods, and theoretical frameworks in the field.

Bipedalism

The ability to walk on two legs; the first defining human trait that provides advantages such as freeing hands, energy efficiency, and better vision.

Australopithecus afarensis

An early hominin species that existed around 3.8-3 million years ago, known for its habitual bipedalism and the famous specimen 'Lucy'.

Oldowan tools

The earliest known stone tools, linked to Homo habilis, dating back to approximately 2.5 million years ago.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

The molecule that contains the genetic blueprint for living organisms, passed from generation to generation.

Geoarchaeology

A subfield of archaeology that studies the relationship between geological processes and archaeological findings.

Savanna Hypothesis

The theory that suggests early hominins adapted to walking on two legs as a response to changing environmental conditions, such as the spread of savannas.

Mcheulean tools

More complex stone tools made by Homo erectus around 1.6 million years ago, featuring bifacial handaxes.

Cultural evolution

The changes in behavior and cultural practices of humans over time, often in response to environmental and social factors.

Neanderthals

An extinct species of hominins known for their tool use, care for the sick, and coexistence with anatomically modern humans.

Queer archaeology

An approach in archaeology that uses queer theory to reconsider and challenge traditional understandings of gender and sexuality in historic contexts.

Feminist archaeology

An approach that critiques gender biases in traditional archaeology, promoting inclusivity and representation of diverse genders in historical narratives.