repro p2p flashcards

. Describe the structure of the testis and the epididymis. 2. Outline the anatomy of the male reproductive tract, identifying glans penis, erectile tissues, vas deferens, epididymis and testis. 3. Describe the differences in male penis anatomy between ram, boar, bull dog and stallion. 4. Compare the fibroelastic and musculovascular penis anatomy and relate this to how they obtain erection. 5. Explain how erection in the dog penis differs to that of the stallion and describe the function of the bulbus glandis and Os penis. 6. Identify the muscles associated with the male reproductive tract and explain the function of the cremaster muscle and retractor penis muscle. 7. Describe the role of the spermatic cord and list the structures contained within. 8. Identify structures involved in castration

how do the terminal abdominal aorta branches caudally to supply the pelvis

external and internal iliac arteries

external iliac artery

• branches

• supply area

Branches: inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac and femoral arteries Supply area: part of the abdominal wall and the lower limb

internal iliac

Branches: Iliolumbar, Lateral sacral, superior and inferior Gluteal, internal Pudendal, Inferior vesical (often vaginal in females), Middle rectal, Obturator, Superior vesical and Uterine (in females only) arteries Mnemonic: I Love Going Places In My Own Sexy Underwear Supply area: sphincters, reproductive organs and pelvic viscera

testis and epididyis

• location

• roles

The testes and epididymis are paired structures, located within the scrotum. The testes are the site of sperm production and hormone synthesis, while the epididymis has a role in the storage of sperm.

what are the layers of the tunica vaginalis and what does it form

what is it derived from

• parietal and visceral

• wraps around structures entering and leaving the testis to form the spermatic cord

• derived from the abdominal peritoneum

what is the pampiniform plexus and how does it aid spermatogenesis

• what does it surround

• where is it located

• where does it reach and then drain into

• network of veins in the male spermatic cord and the female broad ligament

• surrounds the testicular artery and located within the spermatic cord, extending from the upper part of the scrotum up to the deep inguinal ring where it drains into the testicular vein

• countercurrent heat exchanger (absorbs heat from blood in testicular artery allowing optimal temperature for spermatogenesis)

which species have an os penis

• primates

• carnivora

• rodents

• insectivores

What is the function of the os penis and the bulbus glandis in the dog

• os penis provides structural support and helps maintain copulatory tie

• bulbus swells to form the copulatory tie

which species have fibroelastic penis

ruminant, pig, camelids

which species have a musculovascular penis

humans and stallion

corkscrew glans penis in the pig

corresponds with the sow cervix which has interdigitating pads that form a reciprocal spiral allowing the boar to deposit a large volume of seme directly into the sows uterus bypassing the cervix entirely meximising chances of fertilisation

urethral process in the ram

• what is it an extension of

• where does it extend beyond

• what does it allow

• terminal extension of the urethra

• small flexible tube extending beyond the glans penis and allows distribution of semen over a wide area within the ewes reproductive tract during copulation

• broad deposition of sperm maximising the chances of fertilisation

ampulla function

• what is it the terminal portion of

• what does it join and what does it form

• terminal portion of ductus deferens

• joins duct of the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct which enters the prostatic urethra

function of prostate gland

• production and secretion of prostatic fluid

• alkalinity and sperm protection

• mixes with seminal vesicle fluid in ejaculatory duct

• PSA prodcution for liquefication of semen

• secretes nutrients for sperm eg citric acid

• smooth muscle that contract during ejaculation SNS, help push prostatic fluid and sperm from vas deferens and fluid fromseminl vesicles into urethra where it is expelled as semen

function of seminal vesciles

• secretion makes up to 70 percent of total semen volume

• fluids from seminal vesicles in late ejaculate fractions. these fluids contain alkaline fluid, fructose, prostaglandins, clotting factors

function of bulbourethral gland

• lubricate the spongy urethra for the passage of the ejaculate

• neutralise acidic urine that remians in the spongy urethra

• production of PSA

• secrete clear glycoproteins and alkaline fluid

• (pre ejaculate)

pre ejaculate

• neutralise aciidty in the urethra

• glycoproteins for lubrication

structures associated with castration dog

• testes

• scrotum

• spermatic cord

• scortal ligamebt

• vaginal tunus