BIOA201 Otago 2026 Last Minute

In apes, glute muscles are

extendors for power

Linear growth is added to the

Diaphysis

Dentine is secreted by

Odontoblasts

Disruptions to dentine development manifest internally as

Contour lines of own

External tooth disruption

Enamel hypoplasia

Internal tooth disruption

Accentuated lines

Where does the tenporalis attach on the calvarium?

Temporal fossa

Joint between mandibular condyle and temporal bone

TMJ

Teeth are more durable than bone because

They have a higher percentage of hydroxypatite

Cementum

Glues teeth to b

In apes, the glenoid fossa is orientated

Cranially

Issues with non adult age estimation based on bone length

Population variation and external influences

Papilla

Dentine and pulp chamber

In linear growth, bone grows

Towards the joint

What develops first in teeth? Crown or roots?

Crown

The arches in human feet are for

Shock absorption

Epigenetics

Environment creates reversible genetic changes

Bone ossification starts in

The centre of the shaft

Is linear growth primary or secondary ossification?

Secondary

Demic diffusion

Population replacement

Why do apes have elongated spinous processes?

Large neck muscles to hold up the head

True or false: in apes, the atlas and axis vertebrae have different orientations

True - to balance weight

Shallow glenoid fossa means

Greater range of movement, but risk if dislocation

Sideways facing glenoid fossa in humans

Can store energy for throwing

Enamel is formed by

Ameloblasts

Two ways bones are formed

Inter membranous ossification and endochrondral ossification

Two types of quadraped locomotion

Knuckle walking and fist walking

The femur head is flat in

Apes

In humans, glute muscles are

Abductors

In apes, all 4 glute muscles attach at

The back (posterior)

The medullary cavity is filled with

Fatty yellow marrow

Location of the osteoclasts

Endosteum

The gaps in cancellous bone are filled with

Marrow, which can be red (epiphyses), or yellow (diaphyses)

Collagen resists

Tension

Primary function of the osteon

Provide nutrients to the osteocytes

Trabeculae are

Struts of lamella bone

Bone tissue is turned over every

7 years

Pathology is caused by

Osteoclast and osteoblast activity imbalance

Hydroxyapatite resists

Compression

A bone without hydroxyapatite would be

Bendy

Sacrum - human

Broad and short

Sacrum - ape

Long, narrow and gracile

A bone without collagen would be

Brittle

In apes, the ischial tuberosity is ( ) from the acetabulum

Further away

Osteoblasts are located in the

Periosteum

Humans vs ape - who has a deeper acetabulum?

Humans

Osteocytes are located in the

Lacunae

Endochondral ossification is the process of

Bone replacing cartilage

Appositional growth

Via the periosteum, no growth plates