AHI 001C Midterm 2

Li (理)

"rational principle", "law", or "organisational rights"; refers to neo-Confucian concept of underlying reason and order of nature (as reflecte din its organic forms)

hanging scroll

traditional East Asian art format for displaying paintings or calligraphy vertically on walls

handscroll

a long, narrow, horizontal format for painting or calligraphy in East Asian art, typically created on paper or silk and viewed in intimate sections from right to left.

• designed for private, personal viewing, with a typical length of several meters and a height of 25–40 cm, often rolled up for storage and unrolled slowly, creating a continuous narrative experience

porcelain

specialized ceramic material, white and shiny

• primarily made from a mixture of kaolin (a white, fine-grained clay), feldspar (or other fluxing agents), and quartz (or silica)

chinoiserie

a 17th-18th century European decorative style, originating from a fascination with East Asian art

• characterized by romanticized, imaginative interpretations of Chinese motifs like pagodas, dragons, and nature scenes

fête galante

18th-century Rococo art genre depicting elegantly dressed aristocrats lounging, playing music, and flirting in idyllic, pastoral, or park-like settings

• French for "courtship party”

rococo

an 18th-century art, architecture, and interior design style originating in Paris (c. 1730s–1780s) characterized by light, elegant, and heavily ornamental designs

• moved away from Baroque's formality, favoring playful, asymmetrical, and lighthearted themes featuring pastels, gilding, curves, and nature-inspired motifs

swagger portrait

a grand,full-length, or large-scale painting commissioned to display a subject's wealth, high status, and power through confident, theatrical posing.

• Popularized in 17th-19th century Britain, these portraits feature luxurious clothing, opulent settings, and a "swaggering" attitude

salon

state-sponsored art exhibition of the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in Paris, starting in 1667.

• dominant showcase for academic art from the 17th to the 19th centuries in Louvre

Romanticism

an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century (roughly 1790–1850) that prioritized intense emotion, individualism, and nature over Enlightenment rationalism and industrialization

Orientalism

19th-century Western (primarily French and British) academic painting and decorative arts that depicted the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia, often blending realistic detail with imagined, romanticized, or stereotyped scenes.

• functioned as a, "Western fantasy of the East," portraying a, "colonized 'Other'," to satisfy European curiosity

cyanotype

a slow-reacting, UV-light-sensitive photographic printing process that produces a distinctive monochrome, Prussian blue-and-white print.

• Developed in 1842 by Sir John Herschel

• Camera-less technique involves coating materials like paper or fabric with iron salts, which turn blue when exposed to sunlight, allowing for the creation of photograms or contact prints

daguerreotype

positive image on a silver-plated copper sheet that is polished to a mirror finish, sensitized with fumes, and developed using mercury vapor

• developed by daguerre in 1839

calotype

an early photographic process patented by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1841, which used paper coated with silver iodide to create a negative image

Realism

a 19th-century movement, emerging in France in the 1840s, that aimed to depict everyday life and contemporary subjects with unembellished accuracy.

• Rejecting Romanticism's drama and Neoclassicism's idealism, it focused on ordinary people—including the lower classes—and objective reality, often tackling gritty or unidealized subjects

Impressionism

characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brushstrokes, open composition, and an emphasis on accurately depicting the changing qualities of light and, often, movement

• a 19th-century art movement originating in France (circa 1860s–1880s)

Pointillism

a Late 19th-century Post-Impressionist art movement characterized by applying small, distinct dots of pure, unmixed color in patterns to form an image

• relies on optical science where the viewer's eye blends colors from a distance, creating luminous, precise scenes

“Bamboo and Rock”

Wu Zhen

China

12th Century, 1347

“Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains”

Huang Gongwang

China

14th Century, 1347-1350

“Fonthill Vase”

Unknown Artist

China

12th Century, 1300-1340

“The Audience of a Chinese Emperor”

Johann Peter Melchior for Höchst Porcelain Manufactory

Germany (chinoiserie)

18th Century, c. 1766

“Pilgrimage to Cythera”

Antoine Watteau

French (rococo)

16th Century, 1717

“Portrait of Madame de Pompadour at her Toilette”

Francoise Boucher

French (rococo)

16th Century, 1750

“Salon de la Princesse” at the Hotel Soubise

Germain Boffrand, Charles-Joseph Natoire, Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger

French (rococo)

16th Century, 1737-1740

“Cornelia Pointing to her Children as her Treasures”

Angelica Kauffman

Swiss (neoclassical)

18th Century, 1785

“The Oath of Horatii”

Jacques-Louis David

French (neoclassical)

18th Century, 1785

“The Death of Marat”

Jacques-Louis David

French (neoclassical)

18th Century, 1793

“The Slave Ship”

J.M.W. Turner

British (romanticism)

19th Century, 1840

“The Hay Wain”

John Constable

English (romanticism)

19th Century, 1821

“La Grande Odalisque”

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

French (neoclassism x romanticism)

19th Century, 1814

“A Burial at Ornans”

Gustave Courbet

French (realism— “burial of romanticism”)

19th Century, 1850

“Olympia”

Edouard Manet

French (realism/impressionism)

19th Century, 1863

“View from a Window at Le Gras”

Nicephore Niepce

French

19th Century 1826

“Still Life in Studio”

Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre

French

19th Century, 1837

“Horse Galloping"

Eadweard Muybridge

English

19th Century, 1878

“Digital Image of his Son Walden Kirsch”

Russell A. Kirsch

American

20th Century, 1957

“Impression, Sunrise”

Claude Monet

French (impressionist)

19th Century, 1874

“A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte”

George Seurat

French (pointilism)

19th Century, 1884-1886