Archaeology 1000 - Unit 2
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22 Terms
Destructive Science
a science in which a site can only be excavated once. There is no second chance
Archaeological Record
the preserved range of archaeological materials indicating past human activities from biological and ecological remains and things like weapons and clothing
Artefacts
portable objects created, fashioned or altered by humans
Ecofacts
natural, organic and environmental remains that have cultural relevance
Features
objects that have been created, fashioned or alter by humans that cannot be removed from their place of discovery
Archaeological Site
places containing remains of past human activities that have been preserved in the archaeological record
Archaeological Regions
well-defined geographic areas including several archaeological sites
Matrix
material surrounding an archaeological site
Provenience
vertical and horizontal location of a find in an archaeological site
Association
relationship between artifacts and other materials found within the same context
Primary Context
the original position of a find when it entered into the archaeological site
Secondary Context
resulting from disturbance of the archaeological record
Cultural Formation
the making of the archaeological record
Natural Formation
the preserving of the archaeological record
Site Prospection
collecting information about an archaeological site without excavating
Surface Surveying
detects evidence that is on the ground
Aerial Surveying
detects features and structures
Subsurface Surveying
detects features and structures beneath the surface
Datum Point
a point that serves as reference to locate the exact position of all information collected from the archaeological site
Grid System
a setup to pinpoint the location of the data with reference to a system of parallel and perpendicular lines that divide the site into small squares
Stratigraphy
determines the vertical location of an archaeological site
Law of Superposition
when a stratum overlies another, the lower was deposited first