EXAM 4 BC

where does glycoly happen

cytosol

why does glycoly happen

extract energy for cellular metabolism

draw net equa

yes

true or false: reactions 1-5 happen twice

no its 6-10, makes two three carbons aka pyruvate

how many atp are made in rxn 10

one atp since its the joruney of one molc were talking about

how many atp made per glucose

two

how many atp made in all? how many are used?

in all = 4 atp

used up= 2

how many pyruvate made at the end ?

two

use print outs and place structures in order

YES

which steps are IRRE

rxn 1, 3 and 10 (whenever there's a kinase in the name it's irreversible EXCEPT for phosphoglycerate kinase)

this is because there is a large delta g going on which strongly favors products being made

which step is regulated/comitted and why

rxn 3

why: Remember- to be rate determined is to be the most slowest regulated step. This is exactly what this step is. PFK acts like a metabolic checkpoint, and is a child under heavy control.

parent inhibitors of high atp says we already have enough energy, stop. the other parent inhib is citrate which signals the kreb cycle is stopped up.

the second family is one of activators. fructose-2-6-biphosphate is the prominent activator, and tells the PFK child its ok to continue glycoly. (AMP and ADP are also activators)

what are the fates of pyruvate

anareobic types include: lactic fermentation for huamns or alcohol fermentation for bacteria

aeorbic includes: going to citric acid cycle

aerobic versus anreobic

ana: lactic ferm

-pyru to lactate

-helps regen NAD+ so glycoly can keep runnin since its for low o2 like intense exer

-humans

ana:

-pyru to ethanol

-also helps regen NAD+ in low o2 enviro

-bacteria and yeast

aerobic: citric acid

-pyru to acetyl-coa

-helps us get maximum atp

-humans

why does glu-neo happen

to make glucose, restroing BG levels

what steps change in glu neo and why

remember that glu=neo is just glycoly in reverse.

but then how do we account for the IRRE steps? these cant just be flipped, so the cell uses different enzymes.

consequences of glu neo atp wise(how much sued) HUH

where does pyruvate come from

comes from certan AA from musc that break down into pyruvate

glycogen used when HUH

for long term storage of glucose

great to access when bg is too high so we put the glu away OR when we need to access it cuz bg to low and enzymes extract glu out of it

glycogen stored in..HUH

liver or musc

liver= BG only

musc= preform work only