History Vocab Final Semester 2

comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and historical figures from the late history semester including Chinese and Japanese history, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Scientific Revolution.

Paddies

wet fields; where you grow rice

Meritocracy

government system based on works/ability rather than bloodline/rank

Tang & Song Dynasties

Produced pottery, painting, and poetry

Absolute Monarchy

A system where the emperor has all the power and it is believed he came from heaven

Confucianism

A society based on gender roles, respect for elders, duty to family, and serving the government/studying the classics

Chinese lucky color

Red

Feudalism (Japan)

A political system that looks like a pyramid

Samurai

Japanese Warrior

Shintoism

A belief that the natural world is filled with spirits; the religion of the Samurai along with Zen

Courtiers

Individuals who participated in court life and watched masked dancers perform plays

Hiragana

symbols that represent syllables, not words

Zen

An appreciation of natural form and inner peace characterized by severity and restraint

Kabuki Theater

A blend of Japanese dance, music, and elaborate costumes

Chivalry

The code of courtesy, honor, loyal to lord, and defender of the weak for a knight

Knight's punishment

If a vow is broken, the knight is stripped of armor, the shield is crushed, spurs are cut off, and the sword is broken in half

Bushido

The way of the Japanese warrior involving giving up life for their lord and preferring death before dishonor

Charlemagne

Established the Holy Roman Empire

Catholic

universal; the religion of the Holy Roman Empire

William the Conqueror

A Norman French man who brought Feudalism to Great Britain

Vassals

A group responsible for taking care of and supporting knights while working and fighting for a lord in exchange for protection

Fief

Large pieces of land or land grants given to vassals

Franks

The major people that made up the main kingdom during the Dark Ages

Monasteries

Large structures with granaries, breweries, bakeries, abbey, church, and library that replaced universities as centers of learning

Guild

A band of people that practice the same trade

Vikings

A group who pillaged, plundered, robbed, and looted

Indulgences

Donated money to the church in exchange for saving a soul or forgiveness of sins

Excommunicate

To be expelled from the church

Schism

A church split

Vernacular

The common language of the people

Heretic

Someone who disagrees with the church

Abbess

A woman who runs a convent

The Great Schism

A conflict where Leo III (Eastern Orthodox) and Gregory III (Roman Catholic) fought over worship and excommunicated each other

Cathedral

chair

Crusade

to take up the cross

Renaissance

renew/rebirth; a humanistic movement that changed the way people thought about the church

Humanism

A doctrine or attitude primarily concerned with human beings and their values

Patron

A financial backer of the arts

Posies

herbs

City-states

Provinces ruled by the closest major city

Republic

City-states without a king ruling over them

Tyrants

Absolute rulers governing people

Mercenaries

Paid soldiers that replaced knights

Realism

A technique based on creating art that depicted people and nature as is

Patricians

Descendants of Medieval nobility

Medici

The most powerful family during the Renaissance

Dowry

Payments in money, land, servants, or livestock a woman's family was expected to pay for a man to marry her

Filippo Brunelleschi

Architect of the Florence Cathedral Dome

Johannes Gutenberg

Inventor of the Printing Press

Reformation

A movement launched by Martin Luther that split the church

Lutheranism

A belief based on justification by faith, the Bible as the one authority, and the belief that all Christians can talk to God

Scientific Revolution

A period of discovery and advancement focusing on scientific classification that emerged from the Reformation

Diet of Worms

A meeting where the church tried to make Martin Luther recant but ended up excommunicating him

Predestination

The belief in a special elect who are chosen to be saved

Act of Supremacy

The law that made Henry VIII head of the church

Anglican Church

The Church of England created by Henry VIII when the Catholic Church refused to let him divorce

Counter-Reformation

The response of the Catholic Church to the Reformation

Copernicus

Discovered the sun is the center of the universe

Johannes Kepler

Discovered planets orbit in an elliptical pattern

Galileo Galilei

Discovered Saturn's rings, Jupiter's moons, sunspots, and that objects fall at the same rate

Isaac Newton

Discovered gravity

Robert Hooke

Invented the microscope

Francis Bacon

Created the Scientific Method

Ninety-Five Theses

Written by Martin Luther in Latin to discuss grievances about justification by faith rather than works

Anabaptists

Believed society was too sinful and withdrew from it

Calvinists

Lived disciplined lives to show dedication to God