Plant Biology: Fungi

Mycorrhiza associations

________ were likely needed for plants to be able to grow on land and are made by the majority of vascular plants.

What is exchanges in a Mycorrhiza association between fungi and plants?

Fungi allow the plants to increase water capture and gain essential elements and plants give carbohydrates to the fungi.

Cell walls

________ in fungi are made up of chitin, distinguishing them from plants.

Parasites

________ are organisms that obtain nutrients in a way that harms another organism living in close proximity to it.

Lichen

________ live in the harshest environments on earth including the Arctic and the desert.

Chytrids

________ are very tiny and need water to move, making them mostly aquatic.

Saprotrophs

________ are organisms that feed on organic materials from dead organisms.

Basidiomycota

The majority of ________ are macrofungi that take the forms of mushrooms, toadstools, and puffballs.

Microsporidia

________ contains what are considered primitive species of fungi.

symbiotic lichen relationships

Within ________ algae contribute carbohydrates and fungi provide substrate and absorbed nutrients.

Glomeromycota

________ are obligate symbionts that can not survive long periods without plant associations.

Lichen

________ are mutualistic associations of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.

Zygomycetes

________ includes molds (saprotrophic colonizers of humid substrates) that feed on bread, veggies, flowers, dung, plants, and human skin.

Chytrids

________ are known for a parasitic frog disease.

Lichen

________ potentially formed 600 million years ago, and the organisms involved can not live without each other.

Lichen

________ can survive harsh environments by rapidly drying to 2- 10 % water weight and living in suspended animation, enabling them to survive extremes of temperatures and light.

sessile

The only feature that fungi typically share with plants is that they are both _______

Sessile

An organism that does not move

How many species of fungi are there?

100,000

Plant diseases

Fungi are the most important causal agents of ________

Humans and animals

Fungi can cause disease in _______

Food products

Fungi are important to the manufacture of many _______

Hyphae

fungal filaments

Mycelium

mass of hyphae

Chitin

Fungi cell walls are made of _______ distinguishing them from plants.

Saprotrophs

Most fungi are _____

Ascomycota

The most species rich group of fungi with 64,000 species