"The Golden Ticket" AP Government Review

Enlightenment

A period of time when European political thinkers challenged traditional views of government & religion was known as the _____________.

John Locke

_________ argued for natural rights of "life, liberty, & property."

Articles of Confederation

The ________________________ were the first attempt at U.S. Government & was a failure.

Shays

_____ Rebellion showed that the federal government was weak after a group of farmers successfully attacked courthouses when their farms received foreclosure notices.

New Jersey, Virginia

The _______ Plan represented states, whereas the _________ Plan represented the people.

Bicameral

A _________ legislature has 2 houses.

Three-Fifths Compromise, representation

The ___________ compromise declared all slaves as 3/5th of a whole person. This number was used to count ________________ in Congress.

1, 8

Article _, Section _ outlines the enumerated powers of the Constitution.

make laws, declare war, authority over commerce/regulate commerce

Thee important powers (your choice (my choice in this case)) are _____________, __________________, _____________________________________________.

2/3rds, 3/4ths

The most common formal amendment process is proposed by ______ of both houses of Congress & ratified by _______________ of states.

Federalism

___________ is power divided between federal, state, & local levels.

Cooperative federalism (Marble Cake Federalism)

_________________________________________ refers to transferring responsibilities of governing from the federal government to state & local governments.

Brutus No. 1

___________ (foundational doc) feared a too strong government would limit personal freedoms.

10

Federalist # __, Madison feared factions.

2, 6

The House (H) serves _ year terms & the Senate (S) serves _ year terms.

535, 435, 100

There are ___ members in Congress, ___ in the House, and ___ in the Senate.

Reapportionment

_____________ occurs after the census.

redistricting

During the _____________ process, state legislature need to avoid _____________ - inhibiting voting strength of certain demographics.

Incumbents

usually win elections because of money, visibility, and constituent services.

franking

They also have ________ privilege for constituent mail at government expense.

majority

The ________ party in each chamber appoints the committee chair.

Speaker of the House

The leader of the House is called ___________________.

revenue/tax

All _______ bills must originate in the house.

Vice President

The leader of the Senate is the ______________.

rules

The House _____ committee gives bills guidelines for debate & amendments.

the congressional committee

Most bills die in ____________________________.

filibuster

In the Senate, members can __________ to delay the vote.

cloture

A _______ motion must be called to stop the talk.

unregulated

Soft $ are ___________ donations to political parties.

Bipartisan Campaign Reform

Soft $ was banned by the _______________________________ Act.

tax

527's are ___ -exempt.

commander-in-chief

POTUS is the __________-__-____ of the military.

Cabinet

POTUS is advised by the ________.

OMB

POTUS uses the ___ to advise him on the federal budget.

not often

POTUS vetoes are __________ overridden.

cannot

POTUS _______ use the line item veto option since 1998.

Senate

All of POTUS' treaties and appointments must be approved by the _______.

Divided government

__________________ is when POTUS and Congress are different political parties.

70

Federalist # __ argued we needed a strong executive.

Bureaucracy

____________ is a large, complex organization of appointed officials.

bureaucracy, interest groups, Congress

The three "points" of the iron triangle are ____________, ______________, and _________.

patronage/spoils, Pendleton

The ___________________ system was eliminated and the ___________ Act required government jobs to be earned by merit.

Independent regulatory

______________________ Agencies govern and standardize actions by groups like the SEC (Stocks) and the Federal Reserve.

executive

POTUS can issue an ___________ order, which carries the weight of law.

oversight

Congress uses __________ with the federal bureaucracy to hold hearings/investigations, control their budget and spending, and reorganize an agency if necessary.

issue

An iron triangle is not the same as an ______ network.

issue

An iron triangle has 3 interlocking points and a ______ network consists of a wide range of people who debate policy.

Constitution

SCOTUS judges must use the _______________ (a document) to make decisions in cases.

Original

_________ Jurisdiction is in the courts in which a case is first heard.

Appellate

Jurisdiction is used in courts where cases are brought on appeal from a lower court.

Four

The Rule of ____ is set so that the decision for SCOTUS to hear a case, this minimum # of judges must agree.

restraint

Judicial _________ argues judges must use the original intent of the constitution in deciding cases.

activism

Whereas Judicial ________ incorporates the belief that social injustices may be corrected with modern standards.

lifetime

SCOTUS judges serve a ________ appointment.

78, independent

Federalist __ argued for an ___________ judiciary.

Bill of Rights

The _____________ is the first 10 amendments to the Constitution and protect civil liberties/rights.

selective incorporation, states

The term ________________________ means the Bill of Rights applies to federal government as well as _______.

due, equal

The 14th Amendment contains the ___ process clause and the _______ protection clause.

Separation

President Jefferson described the relationship between religion and government as a "Wall of ___________."

Establishment, 1st

The _____________ Clause in the ____ Amendment says our government will not have a declared religion.

Engel

Key cases include _____ v. Vitale where it was ruled there will be NO mandatory prayer in public schools.

Free-exercise, 1st

The ______________ Clause in the ___ Amendment says our government will allow individuals to worship freely a religion of their choosing.

Wisconsin

_________ v. Yoder where it was ruled that a family's religious practice outweighed state's interest in compulsory education.

clear and present danger

Schenck v. US= does your speech invoke a "___________________________?"

symbolic

Tinker v. Des Moines= "________" speech is protected.

Plessy, Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Education states that equal but separate is not equal. Overturned ______ v. _________.

1st, free

The New York Times Co. v US dealt with the ___ Amendment, ____ speech clause.

prior

The ruling prevented ____ restraint.

Letter from Birmingham Jail, people, peaceful, protest

MLK's ______________________________ argued that _______ should use _________ ________ to seek equality and expand civil rights.

legal counsel

Gideon v. Wainwright assured Americans that they have the right to _____________.

2nd

McDonald v. Chicago guarantees that the ___ amendment will not be infringed up by state & local governments.

commerce

In US v. Lopez, the federal gov. wrongly used the ________ clause to regulate handguns within states.

social

Government based on consent of the governed is known as a ______ contract.

efficacy

Many American's distrust government which results in a low political ___________.

Family

______ is the #1 factor of political socialization.

Republican, conservative

Right to life, laissez fiare, & less government regulation describes a __________ or ___________ ideology.

Democrats

Whereas _________ vote pro-choice, support a national healthcare system, & expanded programs for poor, minorities, & women.

liberal

Their ideology is _______.

random sample, bias

Steps to a scientific poll: 1- Define the population, 2- Construct a _____________ in which every member has an equal chance of being chosen, 3-carefully construct questions to avoid _____.

margin, error

The ______ -of- _____ in a valid poll is typically +/- 3%.

more

People with ____ education & income are more likely to vote.

more

Older people are ____ likely to vote than younger people.

Democrat

Younger voters typically vote for the ________ party.

gender gap

The ____________ describes the difference in voting patterns between males & females.

National Voter Registration Act, driver's license

The ________________________________ of 1993 made voter registration easier by allowing people to vote when they renewed their ______________.

win elections

The #1 goal of political parties is to ____________.

linkage

Political parties are a _______ institution because they provide information & mobilize voters & raise funds to support party candidates.

one

A single-member district only elects ___ candidate for each office.

Electoral College

The ________________ system describes a situation where ALL of the electoral votes go to the victor.

third parties

This makes it hard for ______________ to win elections.

influence public policy

An Interest Group's #1 goal is to _______________________.

influence

They __________ policymakers by attempting to persuade them.

5,000, 2,500-2,900

A PAC can give $_____, where as a private citizen can only give $________ to candidates.

Federal Election Commission, corporations.

Citizens United v. ____________________________ provided the freedom of speech to ____________.

free-rider

While size is important, large interest groups also have the __________ problem where members enjoy the benefits of the group, but are not active.

elite

The _____ theory is a belief that a small $ if wealthy individuals dominate policy.

pluralist

In the _________ theory, many interest groups compete, but no one group dominates.

hyperpluralist, gridlock

_________________theory, there are so many competing interest groups _________ occurs where there is a political deadlock.

linkage

Mass media is a _______ institution because it connects people to the government.

candidate

Political campaigns have become more _________-centered=more focus on the individual & less on the issues.