Most important info exam I and II Bio

low pH means

Acidic

High pH means

basic

alpha carbohydrates

energy

beta carbohydrates

storage

starch

plant energy

glycogen

animal energy

cellulose

plant structure

chitin

insect structure

glycolysis products

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

pyruvate processing products

acetoyl CoA, NADH, CO2

citric acid cycle

3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP, 2 CO2

fermentation

glycolysis to continue by making more NAD+ without oxygen

photosystem I

makes NADPH (P700)

photosystem II

splits water (P680)

calvin cycle

makes glucose in stroma

carbon fixation

RuBisCO

carbon reduction

forms G3P

regeneration

rebuild of RuBisCO

1 glucose in photosynthesis makes how many CO2

6

citric acid cycle

makes electron carries for ETC

C3 plants

normal

C4 plants

separated by space

CAM plants

separated by time of day

rhizomes

modified stem

stolons

horizontal spread

xylem

water ONE way

phloem

sugar BOTH ways

sclerenchyma cells

thick

ligand cells

for structure

limiting nutrients

N, P, K

plant mass is mostly

CO2

auxin in shoots

stimulates growth

auxin in roots

inhibits growth

blue light receptor

phototropin

gravitropism

amyloplasts detect gravity

zygote

2n (1 egg 1 sperm)

endosperm

3n (1 sperm and 1 polar nuclei)

asexual plant reproduction

rhizomes, stolons, tubers

sporophyte

meiosis 2n

gamtophyte

mitosis n