Spanish 102 Beyond Midterm 2
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40 Terms
la invitación
invitation
el bautizo
baptism
la boda
wedding
las posadas
nine-day celebration before Christmas
los quince años
a girl's 15th birthday celebration
el santo
saint's day
los novios
bride and groom
la quinceañera
a girl celebrating her 15th birthday
la serenata
serenade
el brindis
toast
las decoraciones
decorations
los fuegos artificiales
fireworks
el pastel / las velas
cake / candles
brindar
to toast
casarse (con)
to get married (to)
cumplir años
to turn (x) years old
el semáforo / la señal
traffic light / sign
la acera / el poste
sidewalk / post
el peatón / la peatona
pedestrian
el (la) conductor(a) / el chofer
driver
la patrulla / la ambulancia
patrol car / ambulance
el límite de velocidad / la multa
speed limit / fine or ticket
chocar (con)
to crash (into)
atropellar
to run over
pasarse un semáforo en rojo
to run a red light
tropezar (ie)
to trip
caer(se)
to fall (down)
herido(a) / dañado(a)
injured / damaged
Grammar: Preterite vs. Imperfect
Feature | Preterite (Narrative Past) | Imperfect (Descriptive Past) |
Focus | Completed actions, beginnings, or endings. | Ongoing actions or conditions in progress. |
Narrative Role | Events that advance a story. | Background information and descriptions. |
Emotional State | Change in condition or emotion. | Ongoing physical, emotional, or mental conditions. |
Time/Age/Date | Specific durations (e.g., "for three years"). | Time, date, and age in the past. |
Conocer Preterite vs Imperfect
Conocí (I met for the first time) vs. Conocía (I was familiar with).
Saber Preterite vs Imperfect
Supe (I found out) vs. Sabía (I was aware of).
Poder Preterite vs Imperfect
Pudo (He managed to) vs. Podía (He was able to/capable).
No Poder Preterite vs Imperfect
No pudo (He tried and failed) vs. No podía (He was not able to due to circumstances).
Querer Preterite vs Imperfect
Quiso (Tried/wanted at a specific moment) vs. Quería (Wanted/long-term desire).
No Querer Preterite vs Imperfect
No quiso (Refused) vs. No quería (Didn't want to at the time).
Interrupted Actions
Use the Imperfect for the action in progress and the Preterite for the interruption (e.g., Todos se divertían cuando llegó la policía).
Simultaneous Actions
Use the Imperfect for both actions if they were happening at the same time (often uses mientras or y).
Spelling Changes
Verbs ending in -car, -gar, -zar have spelling changes only in the yo form of the preterite (e.g., toqué, jugué, empecé).
Double Object Pronouns
Indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, les) always come before direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las). If both start with 'L', the indirect pronoun changes to se (e.g., Andrea se lo da).