Religion 6.1 and 6.2

3 Main Universalizing Religions

Christianity (2.2 billion adherents) Islam (1.98 billion adherents) Buddhism (400 million adherents)

2 Main Ethnic Religions

Judaism and Hinduism

Universalizing Religion Definition

a religion that attempts to be global, to appeal to all people wherever they may live in the world, not just to people of one culture

Ethnic Religion Definition

a religion that appeals primarily to one group of people living in one place

Diffusion of Christianity

Hierarchical diffusion: Kings converted their countries to Christianity
Relocation Diffusion: missionaries and colonizers traveled to other countries, spreading Christianity

Diffusion of Islam

Islamic countries took over areas of Africa, Asia, and Europe, converting non-Arabs to Islam. Merchants and traders also spread Islam through relocation diffusion

Diffusion of Buddhism

The emperor of the Magadhan Kingdom, Asoka, became a Buddhist and sent out missionaries. It was later diffused to China by merchants.

Diffusion of Hinduism

It diffused contagiously throughout India (90% of Hindus live in India). It diffused outside of India a little bit through traders and merchants.

Diffusion of Judaism

The Jews were forced out of their home when the Romans invaded and forced them to disperse during the diaspora in 70 AD. They migrated all over the world and carried their religion with them.

Hearth of Christianity

Jerusalem

Hearth of Islam

Makkah a in modern day Saudi Arabia

Hearth of Buddhism

Northern India (founded by Siddhartha Guatama near present-day Nepal)

Hearth of Hinduism

Unknown, somewhere near northern India

Hearth of Judaism

Israel

3 Branches of Christianity

Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant

Branches of Islam

Sunni and Shiite/Shia

Shahada

1st Pillar of Islam: Profession of Faith

Salat

2nd Pillar of Islam: Prayer

Zalat

3rd Pillar of Islam: Alms Giving

Sawn

4th Pillar of Islam: Fasting

Hajj

5th Pillar of Islam: Pilgrimage

Theravada Buddhism

Considered to be "the way of the elders" It is a branch of Buddhism that states being a Buddhist is a full time occupation and all Buddhists should renounce worldly views and become a monk; emphasizes solitary contemplation and wisdom

Mahayana Buddhism

A less demanding branch of Buddhism (that doesn't require you to be become a monk; it emphasizes teaching, helping others, and compassion