Cell Signaling & Hormones

Four secondary messengers:

cAMP,
IP3 (inositol triphosphate),
DAG (diacylglycerol),

Ca²⁺

T4 & T3 hormone type

tyrosine-derived hormones (hydrophobic).

FSH hormone type

peptide hormone.

ADH hormone type

peptide hormone.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine hormone type

tyrosine-derived (hydrophilic).

FSH start and end

Anterior pituitary → testes (sertoli cells)

FSH function

induce spermatogenesis in males;

induce ovarian follicle growth in females.

LH start and end

anterior pituitary → testes (Leydig cells)

LH effect

stimulates testosterone production in males;

triggers ovulation and progesterone in females.

Testosterone effect

inhibit secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus and LH and FSH by the pituitary.

GnRH start and end

hypothalamus → anterior pituitary.

GnRH effect

directly stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH.