quiz 3: ideology and religion in modern politics

modernity

society economically growing and strong

• cultural construction

• justify colonial projects

modernization

the process through which a society becomes more modern

ideology and religion are exmpales of

political culture

religion definitions

• functional: what is does

• substantive: what is is

secularization

process through which socieities become less religious as they become more modern

higher brith rates =

higher religiosity

differentiation from state

The process through which institutions become increasingly autonomous from one another

privatization

process of religious practice being confined to the private sphere

liberalism

emphasizes individual freedom representative democracy and market economy

• individuals are and should be more important than groups

• Individual relationships with the state should be organized through citizenship

• Democratic systems should heh representative

• Free market capitalism is the best and most nature way of organizing economy

MUST BE DEMOCRATIC: representation matters

types of liberalism

• social democracy

• libertarianism

social democracy

liberalism with substantial state management to promote economic and social equality

• favours representative democracy with respect for basic individual rights and state action

• Social democracy considered by some a variant of socialism but by most as a variant of liberalism

libertarianism

liberalism emphasizing minimal or limited role fo govt

fascism

authoritarian ideology favouring militarism and right wing nationalism

• anti democratic/opposes liberalism

• emphasis on state and nation

socialism

• family of ideology

• goal: economic equality

critique of liberalism

socialism

socialism advocates for

working class revolution  and economic equality

• seize the state to wtake economy from capitalists

• end alienation of workers

modern forms of religion in politics

most governments at the organizational level are involved with religious organizations

• established religions— official religions of the state

lay states

states that can establish a formal separation of religion and public life

• includes separation of church and state

denominationalism

system taht supports religious pluralism and voluntary participation in denominations

religious pluralism

multiple religious organizations withina. given society

churches

official recognition by the state, tries to make itself mandatory

sects

wish to remain private and turn away from the state

denominations

are voluntary and accepts the principle of religious pluralism in a middle ground between churches and sects

modernization and religion theory

as societies modernize, religious organizations become differentiated from other organizations, esp the state

• as economic development increases, religious belief tends to decline somewhat

religious economies / suply side approach

religious demand is a constant and what explains variation in religiosity is the nature of the religious market in any given society is the supply

according to religious economies / suply side approach why is monopoly bad

because competition spurs innovation

high levels of religious pluralism and no established religion/monopoly →

high levels of reliigous belief (USA)

low levels of religious pluralism and established reliigons →

low religiosity (european countries)

institutional theories

Explain how and why religious organizations become differentiated from others, particularly from the state, and why religion becomes privatized

as societies modernize

increasing number of interdependent institutions

when was liberalism viewed as a victorious ideology

end of cold war

emergence of religion as source of conflict links to idea of

divisiion between cultures or civilizations (samuel huntington)

multiple modernities

modernity may take different forms in other cultural contexts - eisentadt