Planning and Evaluating Final

What planning model are you using in this course?

PRECEDE

What does PRECEDE stand for?

Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation

What does PROCEED stand for?

Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development

What happens in Phase 1 Social Assessment?

Identify quality

What happens in Phase 2 Epidemiological Assessment?

Identify and rank health problems and examine genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors

What happens in Phase 3 Educational and Ecological Assessment?

Identify predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence behaviors

What happens in Phase 4 Administrative and Policy Assessment?

Identify intervention strategies and administrative, policy, organizational, and access issues that affect implementation

What is a health issue?

The actual health problem or condition to be improved, reduced, or prevented

What is a health behavior?

An action or pattern of actions that contributes to or helps prevent a health issue

Example of health issue vs health behavior

Health issue = childhood obesity; health behavior = unhealthy eating or physical inactivity

In which phase are genetic factors identified?

Phase 2 Epidemiological Assessment

In which phase are behavioral factors identified?

Phase 2 Epidemiological Assessment

In which phase are environmental factors identified?

Phase 2 Epidemiological Assessment

What are predisposing factors?

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions that affect motivation for behavior change

What are reinforcing factors?

Feedback, rewards, encouragement, or discouragement after a behavior that influence whether it continues

What are enabling factors?

Resources, skills, services, and conditions that make behavior change possible or easier

In which phase are PRE factors identified?

Phase 3 Educational and Ecological Assessment

Which PRE factor is most directly changed by intervention strategies?

Enabling factors

What is the difference between Phase 2 factors and Phase 3 factors?

Phase 2 factors explain the health issue; Phase 3 factors explain the behaviors

What is a process objective?

An objective about program implementation, activities, participation, and delivery

What is an impact objective?

An objective about the immediate observable effects of the program

What is an outcome objective?

An objective about long

What are the three types of impact objectives?

Learning, behavioral, and environmental objectives

What are learning objectives?

Impact objectives related to changes in knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and skills

What are behavioral objectives?

Impact objectives related to changes in actions or behavior patterns

What are environmental objectives?

Impact objectives related to changes in the physical, social, service, economic, or political environment

What is a logic model?

A systematic visual way to show the relationship among resources, activities, outputs, and outcomes

What are inputs in a logic model?

The resources used for the program, such as staff, funding, and materials

What are activities in a logic model?

The strategies, actions, or interventions carried out to create change

What are outputs in a logic model?

The direct products or services resulting from program activities

How do you distinguish inputs, activities, and outputs?

Inputs are what you have, activities are what you do, and outputs are what you directly produce

What is a community?

A collective group sharing common characteristics such as geography, interests, values, concerns, race/ethnicity, culture, or experiences

What are key characteristics of a community?

Membership, shared values, mutual influence, shared needs, common symbols, and emotional connection

What is community organization?

A process where people work together to identify issues, mobilize resources, advocate for change, and implement strategies

Why is community organization important in health education?

It reflects the principle of starting where people are and helps programs fit community needs

What should an implementation action plan include?

Activities/tasks, responsible persons/partners, location/space, timeline, human and financial resources, supplies/equipment, and communication strategy

What are major tasks in an implementation action plan?

The specific actions and sub

Why are responsible persons important in an implementation action plan?

They clarify who is accountable for completing each activity or task

Why is location important in implementation planning?

The setting should be accessible, convenient, and appropriate for the intervention

What is a task development timeline?

A schedule showing what tasks must be completed and when

What is a Gantt chart?

A visual timeline tool used to track activities and progress over time

What is a budget?

A statement of estimated revenues and expenditures for a program

What are direct costs?

Costs directly tied to providing the program or service, such as wages, salaries, benefits, and supplies

What are indirect costs?

Costs indirectly tied to the program, such as utilities, office space, insurance, and phones

What is a budget narrative?

A written explanation that justifies and describes budget items

What are common sources of funding for health programs?

Participant fees, third party, grants, gov funding

What are possible human resource options for implementation?

Internal personnel, external personnel, peer educators, vendors, volunteers, and technical assistance

What are instructional resources?

Curricula and materials used to teach or deliver program content

What is communication strategy in implementation?

A plan for how, where, when, and why messages about the program will be shared

What is implementation?

The act of converting plans, goals, and objectives into action through organizational procedures and management

What is management?

The use of human, physical, and financial resources to achieve organizational goals

What does PADS stand for in Human Resource Management?

Personnel planning, acquisition, development, and sanction

What is personnel planning?

Determining what positions are needed and creating job descriptions and qualifications

What is acquisition in HRM?

Recruitment and selection of personnel

What is development in HRM?

Orientation, training, appraisal, and professional growth of staff

What is sanction in HRM?

Maintaining expectations and obligations such as compensation, rights, safety, and promotion

What are the stages of team development?

Forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning

What is financial management?

Developing and using systems to ensure funds are spent for their intended purposes

What is accounting in program management?

Recording and summarizing financial transactions and interpreting their effect on the budget

What is a fiscal year?

The yearly accounting period used by an organization

What is an audit?

An internal or external review confirming financial statements are fair and accurate

What is pilot testing?

Trying the program on a small scale to identify problems before full implementation

Why is pilot testing important?

It checks fidelity, feasibility, resources, and participant feedback before full rollout

What is fidelity?

The degree to which the program is implemented as planned

What is phasing in?

Introducing a program gradually instead of all at once

What are four ways to phase in a program?

Different offerings, limiting participants, varying location, and varying participant ability

What is total implementation?

Launching the entire program all at once

Why is total implementation usually not recommended?

It is harder to catch problems and make adjustments before full rollout

What is a program launch or kickoff?

The official start of the program, often used to attract attention and promote participation

What is program monitoring?

Continuous collection and analysis of information to see whether the program is operating as planned

Why is record keeping important?

It documents implementation and helps maintain accountability, safety, and legal compliance

What is confidentiality?

Protecting private participant information from unauthorized disclosure

What is anonymity?

Keeping participant identity unknown

What federal rule is mentioned in record keeping?

HIPAA Privacy Rule

What is informed consent?

Making sure participants understand the program and voluntarily agree to participate without coercion

What are the Belmont Report principles?

Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice

What is liability?

Legal responsibility for injury or damages

What is negligence?

Failure to act in a reasonable or prudent manner

What is sustainability?

The continued use of program components and activities to maintain desirable outcomes over time

What is formative evaluation?

Evaluation before and during the program to improve program quality

What is process evaluation?

Evaluation after implementation to determine whether the program was carried out as planned

What is summative evaluation?

Evaluation after the program to assess overall effectiveness

What is impact evaluation?

Evaluation of immediate or intermediate effects, such as changes in knowledge, attitudes, behavior, skills, or environment

What is outcome evaluation?

Evaluation of long term goals

What is the difference between formative and process evaluation?

Formative evaluation improves the program before and during delivery, while process evaluation checks whether implementation occurred as planned after it is completed

What is the difference between impact and outcome evaluation?

Impact evaluation looks at shorter, outcome looks at longer

Why do programs need evaluation?

To determine achievement of objectives, improve programs, provide accountability, support community buy

What are the CDC evaluation framework steps?

Engage stakeholders, describe the program, focus the evaluation design, gather credible evidence, justify conclusions, and ensure use/share lessons learned

What are the four evaluation standards?

Utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy

What is utility in evaluation?

The evaluation is useful to intended users and answers important questions in a timely way

What is feasibility in evaluation?

The evaluation is realistic, practical, and affordable

What is propriety in evaluation?

The evaluation is ethical and protects those affected

What is accuracy in evaluation?

The evaluation produces valid and reliable findings

What are common barriers to effective evaluation?

Late planning, different stakeholder views, inadequate resources, effects that are hard to detect, unrealistic timelines, and confounding factors

What is baseline data?

Information about the initial status of participants or the problem before the program begins

Why should evaluation be built in early?

Early planning reduces bias and ensures the right data are collected from the start

What is IRB?

Institutional Review Board

Why is IRB important?

It protects participants’ rights, privacy, health, and well

What is an internal evaluation?

An evaluation conducted by people within the organization

Advantages of internal evaluation

Familiarity with the program, more frequent communication, lower cost, and ongoing presence