Pharmacology Clear and Simple Ch. 1-5 test questions

Galen, the famous Greek physician, described over 1,000 healing preparations using ______________ ______________ before his death in AD 201

A. synthetic products

B. plant product

C. Eber's papyrus

D. porcine

B. plant products

While caring for a client who is taking furosemide (Lasix), the nurse recognizes dietary teaching has been effective if the patient includes which of the following foods in the daily menus?

A. Oranges and sweet potatoes

B. Blueberries and kiwis

C. Bananas and watermelon

D. Kale and cucumbers

A. Oranges and sweet potatoes

Oranges and sweet potatoes help replace potassium losses from furosemide.

Rationale

B. Blueberries and kiwis are not the best choice to replace potassium losses from furosemide, as they are not potassium-rich foods.

C. Bananas are a high-potassium food; however, watermelon is not. Other melons, such as cantaloupe and honeydew, are high in potassium.

D. Kale and cucumbers do not provide adequate amounts of potassium to replace losses from furosemide.

A client newly diagnosed with diabetes tells the nurse, "I can't take any insulin made from pigs or cows." Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?

A. "Most insulin is synthetic now, so your insulin won't be from animal sources."

B. "Medications that are derived from animals are typically less expensive than synthetic medications, but synthetic insulin is commonly available."

C. "The animals aren't hurt in the production of medications, so you don't need to worry."

D. "Most insulin comes from animal sources, but I'm sure alternative options are available."

A. "Most insulin is synthetic now, so your insulin won't be from animal sources."

In the past, insulins were derived mostly from animal sources; now, synthetic forms of insulin are most common.

Rationale

B. Synthetic medications are less expensive than animal sources.

C. Synthetic sources are most common today because they prevent disease transmission from animal sources.

D. This statement does not address the client's statement.

While caring for a patient scheduled for knee replacement surgery, the nurse provides cefazolin (Ancef) as ordered 30 minutes preoperatively. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective by which of the following client statements?

A. "This is a palliative medication to help ease the pain from surgery."

B. "This medication will replace vitamins and minerals that may be lost due to bleeding during surgery."

C. "This medication will help the surgeon identify areas of bone destruction due to arthritis."

D. "This antibiotic is given as a prophylactic to help reduce the risk of infection after surgery."

D. "This antibiotic is given as a prophylactic to help reduce the risk of infection after surgery."

Rationale

Which of the following are characteristics of an ideal drug? (May be more than one listed)

A. Effectively treats, prevents, or cures a condition.

B. Is expensive but easily accessible.

C. Interacts with other drugs and foods.

D. Produces no adverse effect.

A. Effectively treats, prevents, or cures a condition.

D. Produces no adverse effect.

The nurse notes orders for alprazolam (Xanax) 0.25 mg PO tid. Which action by the nurse is best?

A. Instruct the patient to ask for alprazolam any time it is needed.

B. Schedule the oral dose of alprazolam daily with breakfast.

C. Give 0.25 mg alprazolam spaced evenly three times each day.

D. Give the patient 0.25 mg alprazolam orally at noon each day.

C. Give 0.25 mg alprazolam spaced evenly three times each day.

While shopping for an over-the-counter cough suppressant, the nurse identifies the medication will be classified as a:

A. Schedule I medication

B. Nonscheduled medication

C. Schedule III medication

D. Schedule V medication

D. Schedule V medication

Rationale

Schedule V medications have the lowest potential for abuse. These drugs may still need a prescription. OTC cough suppressants are in this category. Note that some OTC medications are considered as Schedule II drugs if they are used for an unintended purpose, such as the drug pseudoephedrine used in the manufacture of methamphetamine.

Schedule I drugs are the most controlled substances; they are not considered to have medical use and are highly addictive. Heroin is an example of a Schedule I drug.

Schedule III drugs are moderately addictive and have limits on refills. Codeine is an example of a Schedule III drug.

Since OTC cough medications often contain a substance that is scheduled in some way, they are usually considered a scheduled medication.

The key to comparing brand-name drugs to generic drugs and their generic equivalents lies in measuring the ____________________.

A. bioequivalence

B. bioavailability

C. metabolism

D. efficacy

B. bioavailability

The nurse is preparing to discharge a patient originally admitted for community-acquired pneumonia who has a discharge prescription for cefditoren (Spectracef). Which of the following instructions would the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

A. "Keeping the medication on the countertop will help you remember to take it."

B. "Be sure to take the medication until your cough is gone."

C. "It is important that you take the medication with meals."

D. "Taking the medication at set time intervals will help blood levels stay constant."

D. "Taking the medication at set time intervals will help blood levels stay constant."

Which of the following best describes the role of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in maintaining patient safety?

A. Ensuring the patient taking a medication has an option for generic medications.

B. Indicating which medications are controlled substances and enforcing the laws.

C. Providing specific requirements for manufacturing of generic medications.

D. Determining which medication needs a prescription for the patient to obtain.

B. Indicating which medications are controlled substances and enforcing the laws.

The drug approval process is long and tedious. There are many drugs that are put into clinical trials that look promising but approval may take many years. There are a certain group of drugs that can accelerate the process for approval. They are usually being developed to advance treatment of a disease or condition that has been determined to cost lives and needs, with due diligence, to be released either limited or full approval quickly, they are:

A. good drugs

B. really good, neato drugs.

C. priority drugs

D. critical factor drugs

E. promising drugs

C. priority drugs

The nurse is uncertain of the meaning of an abbreviation used by the physician in ordering medications for the patient. Which of the following is the best action to take regarding the abbreviation?

A. Contact the physician and ask for clarification of the abbreviation.

B. Ask the charge nurse to interpret the abbreviation.

C. Check The Joint Commission's "do not use" list of abbreviations.

D. Leave the order for the next nurse to complete.

A. Contact the physician and ask for clarification of the abbreviation.

When a drug is delivered to the patient orally, by nasogastric tube or gastrostomy tube it is called:

A. topical route

B. suppository route

C. parenteral route

D. Enteral route

D. Enteral route

Are there really differences between generic and trade name drugs? Which of the following may be why there are differences: (may be more than one)

A. compression of a tablet.

B. Despite the fact that the weights are identical, drug formulations are not always the same.

C. The FDA does not get involved with potency of generic drugs

D. Generics and trade name drugs always have the same bioavailability.

E. two drugs have different inert ingredients.

A. compression of a tablet.

E. two drugs have different inert ingredients.

Bioavailability means a drug has the physiologic ability to reach it's target cells and

A. and work as long as it stays in the circulatory system.

B. produce its effect.

C. is affected by inert ingredients.

D. cause only good outcomes.

B. produce its effect.

US drug schedules indicate the potential for physical dependence of a drug. Which of the following is the lowest abuse potential and which is the highest potential for abuse.

A. Drug Schedule V highest

B. None of the above

C. Drug Schedule V lowest

D. Drug Schedule I lowest

E. Drug Schedule I highest

C. Drug Schedule V lowest

E. Drug Schedule I highest

While working in an urgent care center, the nurse assists in the care of a patient with allergic rhinitis who has been given a prescription for beclomethasone nasal spray (Beconase), 2 sprays in each nostril 2 to 4 times daily. The nurse would provide further instruction if the patient made which of the following statements?

A. "This medication is a mild steroid. It will reduce swelling and irritation of my nasal passages."

B. "I can use this before I go to work, midday, and again at bedtime."

C. "I should spray this in each nostril whenever my nose starts to drip."

D. If I run out of medication, I can use my Dad's

E. "This will help my nose to not run so constantly."

C. "I should spray this in each nostril whenever my nose starts to drip."

The nurse is preparing to apply valacyclovir (Valtrex) ointment to the shingles lesions located across a patient's left side and lower back. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

A. Take the patient's vital signs. B. "Touch the rash to make sure it is Zoster"

C. Ensure that the skin is clean and dry.

D. Determine when the rash was first noted.

E. Place the patient in a supine position.

C. Ensure that the skin is clean and dry.

Which of the following are correct for the application of transdermal medications: (may be more then one)

A. apply only to patients back

B. label with time, date and initials

C. can be applied to wet skin

D. clean the area of hair

E. take off protective coating on the back of the medication.

B. label with time, date and initials

D. clean the area of hair

E. take off protective coating on the back of the medication.

woman experiencing menopausal symptoms asks the nurse about conjugated estrogen (Premarin). Which of the following statements by the individual indicates an understanding of the medication's origin?

a. "I'm against animal cruelty, so I don't want to take anything made from animal flesh."

b. "I was told the medication is actually derived from the urine of pregnant horses."

c. "Because I'm Jewish and keep Kosher, I can't take the medication since it comes from pigs."

d. "I think harvesting medicines from cows seems rather odd."

b. "I was told the medication is actually derived from the urine of pregnant horses."