1811 Quiz 2 Part A

Which valve is responsible for systolic

atrioventricular valves (AV) Which are the mitral (left AV) and tricuspid valves (right AV)

Which valve is responsible for diastolic

semilunar valves Which are the aortic and pulmonary valves

What structure is known as the pace maker

"The sinoatrial (SA) node is the heart’s natural pacemaker".

Know where blood just came from that is passing thru the tricuspid valve

"From the right atrium, blood passes through the tricuspid (right AV) valve into the right ventricle".

Which heart chamber exits into the aorta

"The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation via the aorta".

Which heart chamber receives blood returning from the lungs

Oxygenated blood "returns from the lungs to the left atrium through four pulmonary veins".

Which heart chamber receives blood from the superior vena cava

"The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae".

Know the sequence of impulse moving thru the cardiac conduction system

The impulse travels in the following sequence: Sinoatrial (SA) node → Atrioventricular (AV) node → AV bundle (bundle of His) → Subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers)

Term Parietal pericardium

The "parietal layer" of the serous pericardium that lines the "fibrous sac around the heart".

Term Atria

Known as the heart's "receiving chambers".

Term Stroke volume

The "volume of blood ejected against the arterial wall with each heart contraction".

Term Endocardium

The "thin, smooth inner lining of the heart".

Term Sinoatrial node

The heart's "natural pacemaker".

Term Visceral pericardium

The "visceral layer" of the serous membrane that "covers the heart wall".

Term Systole

The phase where heart sounds signal the "beginning of systole" through the closure of AV valves.

Term Ventricles

Known as the heart's "discharging chambers".

Term Cardiac output

The "amount of blood discharged from the heart per minute".

Term Diastole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart relaxes and "blood enters the relaxed chambers".

Term Aortic semilunar valve

Located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Term Right atrium

Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae.

Term Pulmonary veins

Vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Term Mitral valve

The AV valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Term Left ventricle

Chamber that pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation via the aorta.

Term Pulmonary artery

Vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Term Left atrium

Chamber that receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs.

Term Pulmonary semilunar valve

Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Term Aorta

The main artery that exits the left ventricle.

Term Superior vena cava

Large vein that returns blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

Term Right ventricle

Chamber that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Term Tricuspid valve

The AV valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.

What are leukocytes

white blood cells

What are neutrophils

white blood cell (WBC)

What are lymphocytes

white blood cell (WBC)

What are monocytes

white blood cell (WBC)

What are eosinophils

white blood cell (WBC)

What are basophils

white blood cell (WBC)

What are Thrombocytes

NOT white blood cells,(platelets) are involved in clotting

Role of hemoglobin in the RBC

Hemoglobin (Hb) "combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) so that it can be carried to the tissues" and also transports carbon dioxide away from tissues.

Nutrients needed to develop hemoglobin

Hemoglobin molecules "contain four iron-containing heme components" and therefore require iron for development.

Composition of Blood Plasma

A "liquid matrix" (plasma) that contains "serum, protein, and other substances".

Role of Blood Plasma

Primarily the "transportation of substances throughout the body," carrying nutrients and waste products between cells and tissues.

Term Trachea

Commonly called the "windpipe"; a tube that extends from the larynx into the thoracic cavity.

Term Respiratory membrane

The structure that "separates pulmonary blood from alveolar air," allowing for gas exchange.

Term Alveoli

"Microscopic sacs" where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

Term Pharynx

Commonly called the "throat".

Term Bronchi

The primary air distribution tubes that "enter the lungs".

Term Pleura

A serous membrane that "lines the chest cavity" (parietal) and "covers the outer surface of the lungs" (visceral).

Term Respiratory mucosa

The specialized membrane that "lines most of the air distribution tubes" in the system.

Term Lung

The primary organs of the respiratory system.

Term Larynx

Commonly called the "voice box".

Term Bronchioles

Tiny air tubes that "branch off from the bronchi and lead to the alveoli".