SterileProcessing ST120 Module 3:Microbiology for the Sterile Processor and 4:infection prevention in sterile processing

Microorganisms that can cause illness are called pathogens

**True **

False

The classification of organism is also known as taxonomy

**True**

False

Put the seven categories or classifications in biology in order from smallest to largest

- Species

- Genus

- Family

- Order

- Class

- Phylum

- Kingdom

- Domain

Cells differ in size and shape,but they all have which of the following: (select all that apply)

**cell membrane**

**cytoplasm**

Chloroplast

**a nucleus**

The controlling unit of the cell is known as the nucleus. Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus classifying them as prokaryotes

**True**

False

Bacteria are nonliving

**false**

True

Bacteria cannot reproduce without the presence of other bacteria

**false**

True

Viruses cannot replicate without a host cell

**True**

False

Group the following by whether it describes a virus or a bacteria

Bacteria:

Can withstand extreme temperatures

Cells reproduce by asexual fission

Can live with or without oxygen

Are prokaryotic organisms

Virus:

Is a non-living infectious agent

Cannot survive without a host

Cannot replicate without a host cell

Are complex geometric shapes

The common shapes of bacteria are:(Select all that apply)

*rod*

*spherical*

Micron

*spiral*

In which of the following circumstances can bacteria survive?(Select all that apply)

*Without oxygen*

*with oxygen*

*cold -4 degrees and up*

*heat up to 194 degrees*

*extreme ph levels*

Viruses contain genetic material,either DNA or RNA

*true*

False

There are no prion diseases that affect human beings

True

*False*

One prion disease is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and the newly emergent variant of CJD

*True*

False

Every contact with a pathogen results in an infection

True

*False*

During the incubation phase, the host shows no symptoms of infection

*True*

False

Acute

The organisms is at its most potent, and the symptoms are very apparent

Prodromal

Symptoms begin to appear

Incubation

Pathogens actively replicate,but the host shows no symptoms

Commensalism and a parasite are the same, because they both use another organism to meet their physiological need without causing harm to the host

True

*False*

The convalescence phase is the beginning of the infection

True

*False*

Convalescence

Proliferation of the infectious organisms shows and symptoms subside

Which of the following are one of the phases of infection

Incubation

Prodromal

Acute

Convalescence

There are 3 ways to describe the relationship b/w a microbe and the body

Commensalism

Mutualism

Parasite

Another name for a hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a nonsocomial infection

*True*

False

Important methods of disease prevention in the healthcare facility include which of the following

Isolation of infected patients according to standard guidelines

Hand washing

Learning and practicing aseptic technique

Learning and practicing standard precautions and isolation precautions

Proper use of antiseptics and chemical disinfectants

A hospital-acquired infection(HAI) is also known as a nosocomial infection

*True*

False

The spread of a hospital-acquired infection(HIA) from one person to another is called "cross-contamination"

*True*

False

What is the most common HAI

Urinary tract infection

An SSI is a surgical site infection. It is an infection that occurs due to contamination of tissues before,during, or after surgery in the site where the surgery took place

*True*

False

An SSI can be caused by contamination of the surgical wound at which point during the surgical process?

Use of a dirty or improperly cleaned instrument during surgery

Contamination of tissues before surgery

Improper use of aseptic technique during surgery

Contamination of the incision after surgery

Contamination during the surgery due to poor aseptic technique

Dehiscence

When a wound splits open because of suture material degrading in the presence of bacteria

Abscess

A small, localized are of infection at the wound site

Suppurative

A word to describe a wound that has exudate apparent around the incision

Exudate

An accumulation of pus, drainage, dead cells, and serum

To prevent the spread of the microorganisms that can cause disease, Healthcare settings must practice pathogen control

True

*False*

Which of the following makes microbial control a complicated endeavor?

Microorganisms differ in their need for growth and reproduction

Microbial control can differ depending on the pathogen

Microorganisms die at different rates

Some pathogens are more difficult to kill than others

To protect healthcare staff and patients from infectious diseases, Standard Precautions were adopted, the basis of this is to treat all human blood, bodily fluids and other potentially infectious materials as infectious

False

*True*

The SP department is vital in the control of the spread of microorganisms from one patient to another through proper instrument cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization

*True*

False

Wearing the proper PPE improves the SP improves the SP technicians protection against acquiring an infection from contaminated instrumentation and equipment

*True*

False

SPD supports infection prevention by:

Safely storing items in a way that protects the integrity of the sterile package

Inspecting instruments for safety

Cleaning contaminated medical devices

To protect healthcare staff and patients from infectious diseases, standard precautions were adopted, the basis of this to treat all human blood, bodily fluids, and other potentially infectious materials as infectious

*True*

False

Understanding asepsis in healthcare is an important piece of the basic knowledge required to work in SPD

*True*

False

Aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow

*True*

False

Facultative bacteria can live with or without oxygen

*True*

False

Bacteria that require oxygen to grow are anaerobic bacteria

*False*

True

Which of the following are true of strict anaerobes?

Requires oxygen to multiply

*can multiply in deep traumatic or surgical wounds*

Bacteria that require oxygen to grow are anaerobic bacteria

*False*

True

OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

*True*

False

Chemical risk factors

hazards related primarily to liquid, gas, or solid chemicals in the perioperative environment

Sharps

any object that can penetrate the skin and has the potential to cause injury and infection.

Biological risk factors

hazards related to the transmission of infectious diseases.

Electrocution

severe burns, cardiac disturbances, or death as a result of electrical current discharged into the body.

What are the human factors that contribute to risk?

(Select all that apply)

*Fatigue*

Hunger

*Stress*

*Lack of Knowledge*

Latex is a naturally occurring sap obtained from rubber trees.

*True*

False

In the case of latex gloves, supplies, and medical devices, this reaction is generally related to chemicals in the latex product rather than the latex itself.

*True*

False

OSHA personnel conduct only announced facility inspections.

True

*False*

What is OSHA?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

In the case of latex gloves, supplies, and medical devices, this reaction is generally related to chemicals in the latex product rather than the latex itself.

*True*

False

OSHA is not allowed to intervene in a matter of worker protection even if there is a specific regulation that covers the situation.

True

* False*

Occupational Exposure

exposure to hazards in the workplace; for example, exposure to hazardous chemicals or contact with potentially infected blood or body fluids.

Biological risk factors

hazards related to the transmission of infectious diseases.

No-hands technique

a method of transferring sharp instruments on the surgical field without hand-to-hand contact.

Risk

the statistical probability of a given event on the basis of the number of such events that have already occurred in a defined population.

Sensitivity and true allergy to latex rubber are risks to both patients and personnel.

*True*

False

What is a cell-mediated response and a type of delayed reaction that causes dermatitis on contact with the object?

Hypersensitivity

OSHA personnel conduct only announced facility inspections.

True

* False*

Hand hygiene is considered the single most important factor in reducing infections.

*True*

False

Which of the following are true regarding hand hygiene?(Select all that apply)

fingernail polish can be worn in the SPD as long as gloves are worn over them

*long nails increase the risk of tearing gloves*

*fingernails harbor microorganisms*

*Routine hand washing is an event-related practice*

Current recommendations are to use a facility-approved hand care product that is compatible with the use of latex gloves.

*True*

False

SP professional attire should be clean, provided by the facility, and not worn outside the facility.

*True*

False

The SPD is designed to reduce the likelihood that airborne bacteria can be transmitted from the decontamination area to the clean the area by the use of positive and negative air pressure.

*True*

False

SP areas must meet specific temperature, humidity and air exchange requirements. These vary by work area.

*True*

False

Which of the following are true about work area cleanliness in the SP department?

(Select all that apply)

environmental cleaning is a vital component in the Department's overall infection prevention and Control process

lint remaining in a sterile set may enter the patient's body during surgery and cause infection

light fixtures and furniture in SPD departments must be constructed of materials that can be washed

SPDs are routinely cleaned to ensure that the microbial population is minimized.

*All of them are correct*

All cleaning of the SPD is performed by SP technicians.

True

*False*

Which of the following is the basic attire a SP professional must wear in every area of the department? (Select all that apply)

*Head Covers*

*Scrubs*

*shoes kept at the facility*

*disposable bouffant*

Gloves

Sturdy SP Dedicated Shoes

Which of the following statements are true regarding basic attire for the CS professional?(Select all that apply)

open-toed shoes are acceptable as long as they are sturdy and non-skid

*beards and mustaches should be covered with an approved cover*

*lanyards, if used, should be left at the facility and cleaned on a regular basis*

*a cover gown / lab coat may be used to protect the scrub attire when leaving the department for another area of the same facility*

a cover ground / lab coat may be worn outside to protect departmental attire

*skull-type caps are no longer suggested for use because they do not always cover all head hair*

All individuals working in the decontamination area must comply with dress code requirements for

PPE

Operating room

Surgical scrubs, hair covering, surgical mask

Decontamination area

Surgical Scrubs, Hair Covering, and OSHA-required PPE

Non-restricted hallways and offices, cafeteria, etc.

Regular street attire

Group the Following PPE under basic attire or attire worn in decontamination.

Decontamination: Goggles or face shield, Fluid-resistant gown or jumpsuit ,A cover gown/lab coat when leaving the department

Basic Attire: Scrubs, Gloves, Bouffant-type head covering

Clean assembly and storage

Surgical scrubs and hair covering

Basic attire worn by the SP professional include scrubs, shoes kept at the facility, and a disposable bouffant-type head covering.

*True*

False

Which organization made the requirement for individuals working in the decontamination area to comply with dress code requirements for PPE

OSHA

Decontamination areas are unique because of their purpose and design.

*True*

False

Proper transportation of contaminated devices is necessary to reduce the risk of cross-contamination and exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

*True*

False

How many air exchanges per hour should occur in the decontamination area?

10

Which of the following statements are true regarding the environment in the decontamination area?(Select all that apply)

*floors and walls should be constructed with materials that can tolerate cleaning chemicals*

*the decontamination area should be well lit*

walls should be constructed of particulate or fiber shedding materials

*The location of the decontamination area should be centralized*

In many cases, the decontamination area is located near the ICU.

True

*False*

Traffic patterns are physical routes for people and portable equipment in the healthcare facility and are specifically designed to prevent the transmission of infection.

*True*

False

Efficiency is the economical use of time and energy to save unnecessary work, material resources, and time.

*True*

False

Some portals of entry are the same as some portals of exit.

*True*

False

Group the following statement or example by the link of the chain of infection it represents.

Reservoir: the normal habitat of a microbe and where it proliferates, food, water and soil

Infectious or Causative Agent: protozoa, prion, bacteria

Put the chain of infection in the correct order.

causative agent, a reservoir, a portal of exit, a mode of transmission, a portal of entry and a susceptible host.

Group the following statement or example by the link of the chain of infection it represents.

Susceptible host: Medication, Trauma, Disease

Portal of entry: Path used by an infectious agent to enter, Respiratory tract, Gastrointestinal tract

The following can be said about High Level Disinfection

It is a process that eliminates many pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores on medical devices

All medical instruments and devices are considered contaminated when:

They are opened whether or not they have been used and when they enter the decontamination area

Sterile Processing Professionals should cleanse their hands:

Before doning, and after removing, PPE

Whenever entering or leaving the work area

Whenever hands become soiled or contaminated

In the healthcare setting, the most common sources for transmitting infectious microorganisms such as HIV,Hepatitis C, or emerging pathogens such as C, difficile are:

Human to Human and Surface to Human