Chapter 10.1 Hierarchy of Muscle Structure

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Muscle

a specialized, soft tissue in animals that enables movement and stability by contracting and relaxing

Muscle-fibre bundle

numerous muscle fibres wrapped by a thick connective tissue

Muscle fibre

a single muscle cell

Myofibrils

microscopic protein filaments that make up muscle cells.

Myofilaments

constructed from proteins, myosin or actin

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

Connective tissue

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

Sarcolemma

plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

Sarcoplasmic recticulum

the endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell

sarcomere

Contractile unit of muscle

muscle tone

the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Lactic Acid

Is produced in the muscles when glucose is broken down during strenuous muscular activity. The soreness experience after prolonged heavy exercise is due to accumulated lactic acid in the muscles.

Tetany

The smooth, sustained contraction of a skeletal muscle

Fasicle

bundle of muscle fibers

Myosin

A thick protein filament found in skeletal muscle

Actin

A thin protein filament found in skeletal muscle

Peristalsis

Rhythmic wavelike contraction of smooth muscles