UNIT 3 US HISTORY QUIZ & TEST

Who were the two presidential candidates in the 1832 election?

Henry Clay vs Andrew Jackson

Name the innovations created in the election of 1832.

Why did whites support the removal of Native Americans from Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi?

Whites wanted Indian lands because cotton could be grown (Also, sugar)

What were the three Indian tribes President Jackson uprooted in the states of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi?

Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw

Where did he send them?

beyond the Mississippi River

Who was the Indian leader who resisted eviction in Illinois and Wisconsin?

Black Hawk

What was the costliest Indian conflict? Who was the leader?

Seminole Indians led by Osceola, fighting with runaway slaves fought a seven-year bitter guerilla was (1835-1842)

Turnpike

means national road

What was the first great federal transportation project?

building roads

During the Turnpike era, what state built the most toll roads in miles?

What were the three reasons why toll roads were not profitable?

1. Dishonest gatekeepers

2. Local people avoided them

3. Most importantly, Freight carriers would not use them, the cost was too extreme over great distances

4. Eventually face competition, with steamboats, canals, and railroads

What were the four important things the development of the Steamboat did?

1. Did cheapen supply cost. Lower cost per unit.

2. Carrying capacity increased. (Large quantities: sugar, cotton)

3. Developed passenger traffic. (Luxury Palaces)

What were the three sources of funds for the building of the Erie Canal?

1. Government Bonds

2. Earmarked Taxes

3. Tolls

When the Erie Canal was completed, how much did it lower the cost of shipping a ton of wheat from Buffalo to NYC?

from $100 to $10

How long did it take for the Erie Canal to pay for itself?

Nine years to complete

What were the three main products going east on the Canal and what were the five products going west on the Canal?

Lumber, grain, and meat; Textiles, leather goods, machinery, hardware, and imported goods

What were the four reasons why railroads increased distribution?

1. RR provides year-round service (24/7)

2. More speed (2X as fast as steamboats)

3. More flexibility. Able to go almost to any location

4. Even bigger loading capacity

Technology Transfer

The RR was invented in England and then transferred to the US

What was the first giant industry in the United States?

Railroad

What were the three biggest problems with early railroads?

1. No universal gauge width

2. Scheduling was erratic

3. Wrecks

Trunk Lines

means consolidating short lines into longer lines

What were some of the ways in which early railroads were financed from the private and public sector?

Private: Stocks, Bonds, Personal Finance

Public: State, County, City, and Towns contributed money/land to the RR

What was the most important innovation in communication before the Civil War?

The Magnetic Telegraph

Who invented it? Who perfected it?

Samuel F. B. Morse; Alfred Vail

How did it affect the relationship between the North and the South?

helped reinforce between the South and North because the lines of communication mostly were in the North

What company consolidated all the lines and become one firm?

Western Union (1866)

What were the four candidates in the 1860 election?

1. Abraham Lincoln

2. John Breckinridge

3. John Bell

4. Stephen Douglas

What was the first state to leave the Union?

South Carolina

Who was known as the “Tippy Toe Unionist”?

President James Buchanan

What were the five reasons why the South left the Union?

1. Republican Threat

2. Confidence in Non-resistance

3. Balance in Congress

4. Economic Considerations

5. Worldwide nationalism taking place

What was Lincoln’s dilemma?

What were the first shots of the Civil War fired?

What were the two capitals of the Confederacy?

Richmond, Virginia and Montgomery, Alabama

How did President Lincoln handle the Fort Sumter situation?

acts cautiously, sends provisions to the garrison no to reinforce it. Sends only clothes, food, and other non arm supplies.

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Lincoln favored …

Why did the Europeans favor a Civil War in the United States?

Many Northerners were willing to allow Southern states to leave the Union until what event?

Fort Sumter

Name the five Border Lining States?

Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia, and Delaware

What were the advantages of having the Bordering States?

1. Consisted of ½ of the white population of the entire South. Lincoln reportedly said, “God will have to be on our side and so will Kentucky.”

2. 2X the manufacturing capacity of the entire South.

3. Had a large amounts of mules and horses for transportation and agriculture.

4. The strategic prize of the Ohio River which flowed along northern border of Kentucky and West Virginia.

To realize its independence, the Confederacy had to …

Who had superior military officers at the start of the Civil War?

Even though the South was a large farm, why did food shortages existed all the time?

What was the South’s greatest weakness?

the economy