Public Health Nursing and IMCI Practice Exam

100 flashcards based on public health nursing and IMCI protocols covering legislation, clinical assessment, communicable diseases, herbal medicine, and childhood illness management.

Which law provided for the devolution of health services to local government units in the Philippines?

Republic Act $7160$

How far apart should the first two blood pressure readings be obtained during a client's first visit to a rural health unit?

At least $2$ minutes apart

What should a nurse consider first before scheduling more frequent home visits for a family not following health teachings?

Family’s acceptance, interest, and willingness to cooperate

Which pair of solutions is used to test a pregnant client's urine for sugar and albumin during a home visit?

Benedict’s solution and acetic acid

Which solution found in the public health bag is utilized as an antiseptic or disinfectant?

Zephiran solution

How should a nurse respond to a mother asking if her $3$-month-old infant with a low-grade fever and mild respiratory infection can receive the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)?

“The infant can safely receive the OPV today.”

According to the standard $5$-dose schedule, how long does the fourth dose of Tetanus Toxoid (TT4) provide protection for the mother?

$10$ years

Which vaccine is most at risk of losing potency immediately due to high sensitivity to heat following a refrigerator malfunction?

Oral Polio Vaccine

What is the standard temperature range for storing DPT and Hepatitis B vaccines in a health facility refrigerator?

$2^\text{o}\text{C}$ to $8^\text{o}\text{C}$

In a community leprosy screening, which finding requires the most urgent clinical follow-up for a new diagnosis?

Patient with anesthetic patch on the forearm

To reduce the risk of Schistosomiasis in an endemic region, which measure should the nurse prioritize?

Control and elimination of Oncomelania quadrasi colonies

What is the most appropriate medication to prepare for a patient newly diagnosed with Schistosoma japonicum?

Praziquantel

Which symptom involving the male genitalia is an acute-stage sign of Filariasis?

Funiculitis

What is the primary mode of transmission for the parasites causing Lymphatic Filariasis?

Bite from an infected female Aedes poecilius mosquito

What is the appropriate Chloroquine prophylaxis advice for a pregnant woman traveling to a malaria-endemic area?

Take Chloroquine at weekly intervals, starting $1$–$2$ weeks before entering the endemic area and continuing throughout her pregnancy

What is the correct technique for inflating the blood pressure cuff during a Tourniquet Test for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever?

Inflate midway between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure for $5$ minutes

What is the most common cause of death in children under $2$ years old who contract measles?

Complications such as secondary pneumonia

What is the correct period of communicability for Measles relied upon for isolation advice?

From $4$ days before the rash appears until $5$ days after the rash appears

Where are the skin eruptions typically seen in chicken pox predominantly distributed?

Eruptions are more common on the covered parts of the body

What is the usual incubation period of mumps?

$12$ to $26$ days

What is the correct source of infection for mumps?

Secretion of the mouth and nose

What is the usual incubation period of diphtheria?

$2$ to $5$ days

At what age should an infant start diphtheria vaccination?

At $6$ weeks of age

Which age group experiences the highest mortality from whooping cough?

Infants under $6$ months

What is the characteristic cough sound associated with Pertussis?

Whoop during inspiration

What is the immediate source of infection for tetanus?

Soil and street dust

What is the recommended health measure for a patient infected with influenza during the acute stage?

Immediate isolation during the acute stage

Which diagnostic finding on physical examination supports a diagnosis of pneumonia?

Dull percussion note

Which microorganism is responsible for the majority of pneumonia cases?

Diplococcus pneumoniae

What is the best explanation for frequent turning of a child with pneumonia?

Turning improves ventilation and helps prevent complications such as hypostatic changes in the lungs

Which nursing action is prioritized for a patient with sudden profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and muscle cramps?

Begin rehydration and electrolyte replacement

What is the etiologic agent of cholera?

Vibrio El Tor

How is typhoid fever primarily spread?

Food and water contaminated by feces or urine

How should a nurse interpret fever, tenesmus, and frequent stools containing blood and mucus in an elderly patient?

It is a severe form of bacillary dysentery

What is a common sign or effect associated with soil-transmitted helminthiasis?

Anemia

How often is treatment recommended for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis (STH) control in at-risk children?

Twice a year for $3$ years

What is the most common route of transmission for hepatitis A?

Fecally contaminated food or water

Which clinical finding most strongly supports hepatitis A over a simple viral flu?

Clay-colored stools and jaundice with pruritus

What is the nurse's best response to a mother claiming cooked shellfish cannot cause red tide poisoning?

“The toxin may remain even after cooking.”

What is the usual incubation period for paralytic shellfish poisoning?

$30$ minutes to several hours

What should a nurse first instruct a patient to do after they unknowingly eat shellfish during a red tide advisory?

Drink coconut water

Which specimen is most useful for diagnosing leptospirosis during the first week of illness?

Blood and CSF

Which animal serves as the main host for leptospirosis?

Rat

Which treatment should a nurse anticipate for a farmer with a history of floodwater exposure and suspected leptospirosis?

Penicillin G or doxycycline, started early

What is the best immediate first aid for a wound exposed to rabies?

Wash with soap and water

Is rabies vaccination still useful for a dog bite that occurred $3$ days ago if the wound has already healed?

Vaccination and proper post-exposure care can still be effective

Which finding best supports a diagnosis of scabies?

Itching that is worse at night

What medication is usually used first for a patient diagnosed with scabies?

Topical permethrin cream

A slaughterhouse worker with a skin lesion featuring a painless black center is suspicious for which condition?

Anthrax

Which form of anthrax is most likely following inhalation exposure in a wool factory and subsequent shock?

Pulmonary anthrax

What is the most common clinical form of anthrax?

Cutaneous anthrax

Which viral type of hepatitis is considered most serious due to the risk of massive liver damage and hepatocarcinoma?

Hepatitis B

Because there is no specific medical cure for acute Hepatitis B, which diet is essential for recovery?

A diet high in carbohydrates

Which student observation during the disposal of sharps used on HIV-infected patients indicates a need for further teaching?

A student uses "scoop" technique to recap a needle before disposal

How should a nurse properly disinfect a thermometer used by a patient with AIDS?

Wash with warm soapy water and soak in $70\%$ alcohol for $10$ minutes

Which specific disinfectant should be used to clean up blood spills from a patient with AIDS?

Household bleach

Why is preventive medicine given to students after a classmate is diagnosed with Meningococcemia?

It is given to those with direct exposure to secretions to eliminate the carrier state

What is the primary mode of transmission for Neisseria meningitidis?

Direct contact with respiratory droplets

What is the estimated distance SARS respiratory droplets typically travel before settling?

Three feet

To which life-threatening complication might a SARS patient in the respiratory phase progress?

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Which item is NOT a component of the PPE required for health workers caring for SARS patients?

Lead-lined apron and thyroid shield

How is a protected deep well serving $20$ households, located $200$ meters from the farthest house with no distribution system, classified?

Level I

How is a piped water system with communal faucets within $25$ meters of houses, delivering $40$–$80$ liters per capita per day, classified?

Level II

How is a toilet facility classified if it is a pit latrine that does not require water to wash waste?

Level I

What characteristic distinguishes a Level II toilet facility from a Level I facility?

Level II is an on-site water carriage type with a septic vault or tank

Which laboratory technique must be used for food handlers to ensure accurate detection of parasitic infestations?

Formalin Ether Concentration Technique (FECT)

How is a food establishment classified if it follows all DOH standards and staff have updated health certificates?

Class A

According to the Four rights in Food Safety, what is the minimum internal temperature for "Right Cooking"?

$70$ degrees centigrade

According to "Right Storage" guidelines, what is the maximum time cooked food can be left at room temperature?

Two hours

What is the DOH-recommended "running boiling" time for water safety after heavy flooding?

At least $2$ minutes

How is Lagundi herbal medicine correctly prepared for treating asthma?

Boil chopped leaves in $2$ glasses of water for $15$ minutes until the water is reduced to $1$ glass, then strain it

What is the DOH-approved administration method for Yerba Buena for temporary relief of toothache?

Squeeze the sap from a fresh plant, soak a piece of cotton in it, and insert it into the cavity after a saltwater rinse

What is the administration schedule for an adult being treated for diarrhea with Tsaang Gubat decoction?

Drink one part every $3$ hours

Which part of the Tsaang Gubat plant should be utilized for planting and propagation?

Mature stems

What is the primary medicinal use of Quisqualis indica L. (Niyog-niyogan) seeds approved by the DOH?

As an anti-helminthic to expel roundworms

What alternative preparation of Ulasimang-Bato can be recommended for a patient who dislikes boiled decoctions?

Wash fresh leaves and eat raw as a salad three times a day

In Akapulko treatment for scabies, which method is correct according to the DOH?

Pound the leaves and apply them like soap directly to the affected areas

Which DOH-approved herbal plant is known as Peperomia pellucida and features heart-shaped leaves?

Pansit-pansitan

What does being a "Walking Blood Donor" entail?

Registering your blood type and being called to donate when an actual patient needs it

How long should a blood donor avoid alcohol intake following the procedure?

For the next $24$ hours

How is a child with sunken eyes, who is irritable, and has a skin pinch that goes back slowly classified in IMCI?

Some Dehydration

What respiratory rate is considered "fast breathing" for a child aged $12$ months to $5$ years according to IMCI?

$40$ breaths per minute or more

How is a child with measles, cloudy corneas, and deep mouth ulcers classified and treated in IMCI?

Severe Complicated Measles; administer Vitamin A, give first dose of antibiotic, and refer urgently

Which findings definitively classify a child as having Severe Malnutrition in IMCI?

Visible severe wasting and edema of both feet

How is an $18$-month-old child with a cough for $4$ days and a respiratory rate of $38$ breaths per minute classified?

No Pneumonia: Cough or Cold

What is the classification for a child with a highly tender, warm swelling behind the ear?

Mastoiditis

What is the IMCI classification for a child with ear pain and pus draining for $5$ days, but no tender swelling behind the ear?

Acute Ear Infection

What is the pre-referral treatment for a young infant with a red umbilicus extending to the surrounding abdominal skin?

Give the first dose of intramuscular antibiotics and treat to prevent low blood sugar

How should a nurse interpret an axillary temperature of $35.3^\text{o}\text{C}$ in a $1$-month-old infant?

Classify as possible serious bacterial infection and refer urgently to the hospital

Which two intestinal parasitic infections are targeted by Mebendazole in the IMCI strategy to manage anaemia?

Hookworm and Whipworm

What is the standard prescribed dosage of Mebendazole for an anaemic child under IMCI?

$$500\,mg$$

Under IMCI Plan A, how much extra fluid is given to a $14$-month-old child after each loose stool?

$100$ to $200\,ml$

Which method is recommended by IMCI for administering ORS or extra fluid to a young child?

Give frequent small sips from a cup or a spoon

What technique should a nurse teach a mother to help her crush a hard tablet for a child?

Add a few drops of clean water to the tablet and wait a minute or so to soften it before crushing

If a child is prescribed $7.5\,ml$ of syrup, how many teaspoons should the caretaker provide?

$1\,1/2$ teaspoons

Which gentian violet concentrations are used for thrush and umbilical infections in young infants?

$0.25\%$ solution for the thrush and $0.5\%$ solution for the umbilical infection

What is the most appropriate throat soothing remedy for a $3$-month-old exclusively breastfed infant with a mild cough?

No other drinks or remedies, breastmilk is the best throat soothing remedy

What recommendation corrects the feeding problem of a $2$-year-old who eats only $3$ full meals a day?

The child should receive $2$ extra feedings between meals, as well as the $3$ meals a day

What is the primary reason anticipated for a child with dysentery failing to improve after $2$ days of oral antibiotics?

Antibiotic resistance of Shigella