Theoretical Foundation in Nursing Midterms - Finals Reviewer

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering nursing theories, metaparadigms, historical context in the Philippines, herbal medicines, and specific nursing theorists.

Theories

A logical group of general propositions used as principles of explanation, used to describe, predict, or control phenomena such as self-care or caring.

Nursing (ICN, 2002)

Encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well, and in all settings.

Nursing Theory

A conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing care; organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is.

Paradigm

A way of looking at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of philosophical assumptions and that guides one’s approach to inquiry.

Metaparadigm

A statement or group of statements identifying its relevant phenomena.

Holistic Approach

An approach where the physiological, psychological, spiritual, and social needs of the patient are met.

Person

The recipient of nursing care, which may include individuals, patients, groups, families, and communities.

Environment

The internal and external surroundings that affect the client, including physical conditions, families, friends, and the healthcare setting.

Health

The degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences, which is subjective and may vary by patient, setting, and provider.

Nursing (Florence Nightingale)

The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery.

Nursing (RCN, 2002)

The use of clinical judgment and the provision of care to enable people to promote, improve, maintain, or recover health or to die peacefully.

Nursing (ANA)

The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; and advocacy in care.

R.A. 9173

The Philippine Nursing Act of $2002$ which governs the nursing profession.

Professional Regulation Commission

The body that regulates the practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines.

Philippine Board of Nursing

The administrative body under the PRC that engages in the general scope of nursing practice and health care teaching.

Promoting Health

Aims at the state of optimal function, including physical, social, and mental components, influenced by factors like genetics, education, and culture.

Preventing Illness

Actions taken to reduce risk, maintain optimal function, and ensure early detection of illness or injury.

Animism

An early belief that everything in nature is alive with invisible forces, where good spirits bring health and evil spirits cause illness.

Hospital Real de Manila

The first hospital established in the Philippines in $1577$.

San Lazaro Hospital

A hospital built in $1578$ specifically to treat patients with leprosy.

Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing

The first hospital to formally train nurses in the Philippines, established in $1906$.

Rose Nicolet

The first Superintendent for nurses mentioned in the historical context of Philippine nursing.

R.A. 8423

The Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of $1997$, useful for patients with difficulty accessing commercial drugs.

Akapulko (Cassia Alata)

Also known as "bayabas-bayabasan" or "ringworm bush," it is used to treat ringworms and skin fungal infections.

Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia)

Known as "bitter gourd," it is used as a treatment for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Bawang (Allium Sativum)

Known as "garlic," it reduces cholesterol in the blood and helps control blood pressure.

Bayabas (Psidium Guajava)

Known as "guava," it is used as an antiseptic to disinfect wounds or as a mouthwash for tooth decay.

Lagundi (Vitex Negundo)

Known as the "$5$-leaved chaste tree," it is used for the relief of coughs and asthma.

Niyog-Niyogan (Quisqualis Indica L.)

A vine known as "Chinese honeysuckle" used to eliminate intestinal worms like Ascaris using $5$ to $10$ dried matured seeds.

Sambong (Blumea Balsamifera)

English name: Blumea Camphora; a diuretic that helps in the excretion of urinary stones and treatment of edema.

Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia Microphylla Lam.)

An herbal medicine used for treating intestinal motility and as a mouthwash due to high fluoride content.

Ulasimang-Bato (Peperomia Pellucida)

Also known as "pansit-pansitan," it is effective in fighting arthritis and gout.

Yerba Buena (Clinopodium Douglasii)

Commonly known as Peppermint, it is used as an analgesic to relieve body aches and pain.

Trepanation

An ancient medical practice where holes were drilled into skulls to release supposed evil spirits.

Lobotomy

A surgical procedure severing nerve pathways in a brain lobe, formerly used for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Humours

Medieval science fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile (choler), and black bile (melancholy), thought to determine physical and mental qualities.

Blood-letting

The practice of withdrawing blood to purge the "wet and warm humor" to cool or ventilate the patient's core.

Leeches

The application of a living leech to the skin to initiate blood flow or deplete blood from a localized area.

Mercury

Historically used as a common elixir or topical medicine, prized by ancient alchemists for supposed vitality and eternal life.

Personal Knowing

Knowledge of self gained through reflection and self-actualization, allowing for authentic therapeutic relationships.

Empirical Knowing

Known as the "science" of nursing, gained from research and objective facts organized into general laws and theories.

Ethical Knowing

A moral code based on the obligation to protect and respect human life, guided by the Code of Ethics for Nurses.

Aesthetic Knowing

Known as the "art" of nursing, it uses other ways of knowing to create a new understanding or "aha" moment.

Florence Nightingale (Environmental Theory)

Emphasized environmental factors like fresh air, pure water, and light to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act.

Dorothea Orem (Self-Care Deficit Theory)

States that people should be self-reliant and nursing is required when one is limited in providing continuous effective self-care.

Virginia Henderson (Nursing Need Theory)

Emphasizes assisting the individual to gain independence in meeting $14$ fundamental needs.

Faye Abdellah (Typology of 21 Nursing Problems)

Shifted focus from disease-centered to patient-centered care and introduced the concept of Nursing Diagnosis.

Jean Watson (Theory of Transpersonal Caring)

Focused on humanistic aspects of nursing and the $10$ carative factors to promote health and prevent illness.

Dorothy Johnson (Behavioral System Model)

Viewed human beings as having biological and behavioral systems, focusing nursing on $7$ behavioral subsystems.

Betty Neuman (Systems Model)

A holistic approach focusing on the patient's response to stressors utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

Sr. Callista Roy (Adaptation Model)

Viewed individuals as interrelated systems striving to maintain balance and respond positively to environmental changes.

Hildegard Peplau (Theory of Interpersonal Relations)

The foundation of psychiatric nursing, identifying four phases: orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.

Ida Jean Orlando (Nursing Process Discipline Theory)

Focuses on the reciprocal relationship between nurse and patient to meet immediate needs for help.

Imogene King (Theory of Goal Attainment)

A dynamic relationship where patient and nurse interact to attain certain life goals.

Martha Rogers (Theory of Unitary Human Beings)

Viewed the unitary human being as integral with the universe, focusing on the science and creative art of nursing.

Letty Kuan (Retirement and Role Discontinuities)

A Filipino theory on "Graceful Aging" and the nurse's role in helping the elderly achieve fulfillment and leave a legacy.

Carmelita Divinagracia (Theory of COMPOSURE Behaviors)

Focuses on COMpetence, Presence, Prayer, Openmindedness, Stimulation, Understanding, Respect, and Empathy.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A theory of human motivation where basic survival needs must be satisfied before psychological and self-fulfillment needs.