chapter 5 physiology human tissues terms

Hyperplasia

increase in number of cells

Hypertrophy

increase in cell size

Neoplasia

the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

cell differentiation

the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

Metaplasia

Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type

stem cells

unspecialized cells that are not yet performing specialized function

Developmental plasticity

ability of a stem cell to give rise to a diversity of mature cell types

totipotent stem cells

Stem cells that can differentiate into any type of specialised cells found in organisms of that species.

pluripotent stem cells

Stem cells that can become almost all types of tissues and cells in the body.

Adult stem cells

undifferentiated cells found among differented cells in a mature organ

multipotent stem cells

able to develop into 2 or more cell lines

unipotent stem cells

adult stem cells that give rise to only one specialized cell type

Regeneration

replacement of dead or damaged cells

Fibrosis

Repair of damaged cells with scar tissue

mast cells

Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.

Macrophages

phagocytize bacteria and digest tissue debris

Granulation tissue

soft mass formed during healing

atrophy

to waste away, shrinkage of tissue through loss in cells size, number.. cause by aging or lack of use

Necrosis

tissue death

gangrene

death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

decubitus ulcer

bed sore or pressure sore

wet gangrene

liquifaction of internal organs with infection

Gas gangrene

Necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic bacteria.. commonly Clostridium perfringens.

Apoptosis

programmed cell death/ normal death of cells..