MidTerms - Mr.Grace (MDW)

The tool that can be used to study societies is called ______

GREASES

All people in all places and throughout time have _______

Human needs

Cooperation & Conflict
In order to meet their human needs people will form communities and ______ with each other in various ways

Cooperate

Cooperation & Conflict

In order to meet their human needs people will cause ______ with other people inside their societies AND with people in other societies.

Conflicts

Cooperation & Conflict
Making, enforcing, & judging laws is an example of _______

Cooperation

Cooperation & Conflict

Religious rules & values are an example of _______

Cooperation

Cooperation & Conflict
Economic Exchanges & Trade is an example of _______

Cooperation

Cooperation & Conflict

Artistic expression to share stories, history, values, & culture is an example of ______

Cooperation

Cooperation & Conflict

Society itself with its culture and ways of working together is an example of _______

Cooperation

Cooperation & Conflict

Educating societies on the rules, the skills, and the knowledge people need to take care of themselves & to contribute to society is an example of _______

Cooperation

Cooperation & Conflict

The development of scientific knowledge & technology that benefits society and people’s lives is an example of ______

Cooperation

Cooperation & Conflict

Contests over WHO makes political decisions, WHAT political decisions are made, & HOW political power is used is an example of _______

Conflict

Cooperation & Conflict

Debates & arguments over religion & how to follow its expectations is an example of _______

Conflict

Cooperation & Conflict

The best people can do is to learn to manage & mitigate ______

Conflict

Cooperation & Conflict

_____ accounts for human differences.

Culture

Cooperation & Conflict

______ can reduce the intensity of conflict.

Competition

Cooperation & Conflict

_______ is a conflict with rules - with a level of cooperation

Competition

Power’s Promise

Individuals & societies follow a pattern - ______

“Power’s Promise”

Power’s Promise

People & states cultivate forms of power in order to gain other _____

forms of power

Power’s Promise

The same way that levels of _____ can cycle upward, over time people’s levels of _____ can cycle downward as well.

power, power

Economic ______ can cause or worsen conflicts

Inequity

Economic inequity is largely due to _____

Geographic Luck

Easier access to resources requires less _____ to meet human needs. Once people’s human needs are met, they can use their _____ to develop their society, government, science, & technology.

Time, time

GREASES

What does the G in GREASES stand for? _______

______ power helps provide service and protection to society by making rules and laws which enhance cooperation and reduce conflict.

Government, Governmental

GREASES

What does the R in GREASES stand for? _______

______ power can help unify society under one belief.

Religion, Religious

GREASES

What does the E in GREASES stand for? _______

______ power allows the citizens of society to make choices that would benefit their community. It also allows for traditions and ideas to live on.

Education, Educational

GREASES

What does the A in GREASES stand for? _______

______ power allows people to express themselves in a variety of ways such such as through paintings and sculptures,. Along with sculpting and painting, architecture is also essential in allowing people live in homes they feel comfortable in and enjoy. Music is important too, and all of these things help people live more fulfilling lives. On top of that they can use it to gain popularity and therefore other forms of power.

Art/Architecture, Artistic

GREASES

What does the S in GREASES stand for? _______

______ power can be used to influence different ideas on each other, and create a sense of belonging.

Society/Culture, Societal/Cultural

GREASES

What does the E in GREASES stand for? _______

______ power is crucial to progress in society. It is the system that organizes the movement and gain of resources.

Economy, Economical

GREASES

What does the S in GREASES stand for? _______

_____ power is essential to providing solutions to people’s , but also provide salvation to people’s lives in terms of medicine. This power lets people explain and understand the world around them as well.

Science/Technology, Scientific/Technological

GREASES

_____ power is a type of power that’s not part of the acronym GREASES

M/P (Military/Physical)

Human Needs

• Food, water, _____, oxygen

• Safety

• Relationships with other humans, a sense of belonging, and love.

• Ability to trust and rely on each other.

• A sense of self worth and respect for others

• Feeling like one is living a fulfilling life

Are all examples of _____

shelter, Human Needs

Societies

Humans form _____ so they can gain access to resources more easily. In this system, people do various jobs so no one person has to do them all by themselves, and allows for people to benefit of each other. This allows for a more effective way of living.

Societies

Societies

• Clothing

•  Sports

•  Tools

• Social Customs

Are all examples of _____

Common Practices

Societies

• Language 

•  Symbols

•  Values

• Beliefs

are all examples of _____

Shared Understandings

Societies

• Class structure

•  Government

•  View of authority

Are all examples of _____

Social Structure

Societies

• Geographic luck

• Various environments

Are all reasons why _____ have different _____

Societies, cultures

All humans share 99.9% of their DNA, yet humans from different places are different from each other. Depending on what space and time they are living in they will create different ways of living which is why humans can be _____ similar yet so ______ in other ways

genetically, different

Using the 5 themes, what is the definition of history that we came up with in class:

_____ is the collection of _____ of humans ______ and creating ______ with each other in order to meet their _____

history, stories, cooperating, conflict, human needs

Cooperation & Conflict

Cro-Magnon people were ____ successful than Neanderthals because they ____ able to communicate with each other and plan their hunts.

more, were

Cooperation & Conflict

Neanderthals were ____ successful than Cro-Magnons because they had a ____ advanced language than the Cro-Magnon people.

less, less

Cooperation & Conflict

What theme were the Cro-Magnon people best suited for? _____

Because they were able to _____ with each other.

cooperation, communicate

Human Origins

The earliest humans came from ____, and we know this through finding Lucy in _____ and identifying it as the oldest hominid fossil ever found. 

Africa, Ethiopia

Human Origins

Humans _____ and _____ before farming

Hunted, gathered

Societies have _____ and _____ in order to reduce _____ and enhance _____

rules, laws, conflict, cooperation

Geography & Map Basics

Maps help us understand _____ space

physical

Geography & Map Basics

The Cardinal directions are ____,____,____,____

North, south, west, east

Geography & Map Basics

A limitation of maps is they have _____ so distance is inaccurate.

distortion

Geography & Map Basics

Poverty in Mali ____ the same as poverty in China, because China’s physical space and human population is ____.

is not, larger

Migration & Human Movement

• Search for better resources

• overcrowding of people

• current resources are lacking

Are all reason why humans ____

An historical example is the Great Famine of Ireland where a _____ blight took over crops, and food became limited causing people to ____

Migrate, potato, migrate

Migration & Human Movement

When 2 million Irish moved to cities like Boston and New York in 1851 they were faced with hate from the Americans, and were denied things like job opportunities. This an example of how (small/big) populations can create (conflict, cooperation).

big, conflict

Mali Empires

Time period of the Mali Empires

C. 1230-1468 CE

Mali Empires

The Malian Empire’s form of government was a(n) ______

Absolute Monarchy

Mali Empires

This person named _____ gave out so much gold to Cairo on his hajj, that the value of gold decreased for around 12 years there.

Mansa Musa

Mali Empires

Which examples are approximate sizes of the Mali Empire?

1. Columbia

2. Russia

3. 3* California

4. 1.5* Italy

1,3

Mali Empires

What is the approximate size of Mali?

440,000 sq mi

Mali Empires

Which countries in the modern day world were the Empires of Mali?

1. The Gambia

2. Senegal

3. Niger

4. Ivory Coast

5. Burkina Faso

6. Mali

7. Maritania

8. Guinea

9. Guinea Bissau

all of them

Mali Empires

Mansa means _____

King

Mali Empires

The oral tradition of recording history, which was kept up over the generations by specialized bards (singer storytellers) called _____.

griots

Mali Empires

Why is Mansa Musa an important historical figure?

Mansa Musa used “power’s promise” (effectively/poorly) by:

• Giving out gold to increase societal power

• Creating mosques every _____ on hajj to gain religious power

• Taking control of important trade routes, and taxing the passage of goods.

• And many more reasons

  Mansa Musa may well be best known for his economic wealth. His networth was around $ ___ billion.

effectively, Friday, 400

Mali Empires

How does the status of Mali in the 1300s compare to the current state of the country?
Why has the situation in Mali changed over time?
What is the lesson for all empires?

In the 1300’s The Mali Empire was at its (peak/bottom). They had 3 major contributors to their economic wealth:

• Taxed passage of trade goods

• Bought goods and sold them at higher prices to make ____

• Valuable natural resources such as ___ and gold (__% of the world’s gold).

Along with the

• _____ river provided fertile land for agriculture

• Tributes from _____ kings

Today, Mali’s story is very different with the only recognizable feature, ____, being it’s main religion.
This happened due to multiple reasons:
1. Musa’s successors weren’t as talented as him

2. important trade hubs such as ____ were conquered

3. _______ (one of its major learning centers) was taken over by invaders.

There are a whole range of conflicts in the country today due to terrorism from groups like the Al Qaeda and the _____ State. And, the country’s gold deposits were used up before the 19th century, ultimately leaving __% of Mali’s 19.4 million population in poverty. Along with _% that can’t read one can conclude that with political instability, education weak, and economic wealth drained, Mali’s GREASES (have/have not) aged well into modern times.

A lesson for all empires is they should be able to find other sources of economic power, because no resource can last them forever.

peak, profit, salt, 80, Niger, conquered, Islam, Gao, Timbuktu, Islamic, 50, 66, have not

The 3 major monotheistic religions, in order of their founding: _____,_____,_____

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Mali Empires

How much personal freedom did people have?  Explain what common people could and could not do.

The (majority/minority) of people were farmers, so they didn’t have much say in what happens in the government. However, they had some personal freedom in their daily activities.
People were farmers because the jobs passed down (hereditarily/voluntarily), meaning they pass down from the family.

majority, herditarily

Mali Empires

How did the mansa actually rule places far away from where he was living? What was the political and social structure of the Mali Empire?

To govern people abroad, Mansa Musa divided his empire into provinces with each one ruled by a governor (____) who was in charge of local taxes, justice, and settle tribal disputes.

In terms of political structure, they had an ______, where the king had supreme law making abilities, and was not restricted by any rules. Some examples of the king’s extreme political power is that

1. Only he was allowed to have gold nuggets, leaving traders with gold dust.

2. The mansa is the supreme source of justice.

3. All slaves were loyal to him

4. No person had the right to be in the king’s presence when he ate.

In terms of social structure it was a _____, with the king at the top, legal advisors, and key ministers below him, then farmers who were the common people, and at the bottom slaves who had no personal freedom.

farba, absolute monarchy, hierarchy

How do Cro-Magnon people compare to Homosapiens?

They both had:

• advanced language

• art

• social behaviors

• advanced tools

Homosapiens were set in a different ___ and region than Cro-Magnon people. Establishing _____ of animals and crops has given them more time to develop language, art, etc.

time, domestication

How can governments increase cooperation and minimize conflicts?
They can

• Create ____ and laws

• provide ____

• establish an economic system
  

rules, safety

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

Around what time period did Islam become the primary religion of Mali?

During _____’s reign (1312 CE - 1337 CE)

Mansa Musa

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

What benefits did Islam bring to the Mali Empire in each of the GREASES?

G - With more people sharing the same beliefs as the government, ruling would be more effective, because they would be more inclined to listen.
Islam brought in more Islamic people from around the world, increasing the empire’s population, and therefore political power.

R - Turning Mali’s official religion into Islam, creating mosques, and teaching how to read and write Arabic.

E - Creating Timbuktu as a center for Muslim learning and culture increased Educational power, because now there were more Muslim scholars to teach there.
The creation of a major college, called Sankore University, whose library was larger than European’s book collections.

A - The creation of Mosques and art through the use of Islamic architects and artists.

S -

E - Mansa Musa’s display of wealth on his hajj advertised his kingdom as a trade destination, attracting lots of traders and merchants to it. The empire was even symbolized with gold in the 1375 Catalan Atlas.

S -

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

Who was Muhammad?

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

What are the five pillars of Islam? How do the 5 pillars increase cooperation to the Muslim community?

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

Where do Muslim people travel to for Hajj? And WHY do Muslim people travel to that place for Hajj?

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

What is the Quran? What language is the Koran written in?

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

What is Sharia?

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

What does jihad mean? Why is there confusion about the meaning of the word in the US? How can the idea of jihad promote cooperation? How might the idea of jihad increase conflict?

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

Did the Mali Empire allow religious freedom within their Empire? Why or why not?

Islam’s Influence on the Mali Empires

Why is Islam so revered by 1.8 billion Muslims? What does Islam provide for its followers?

It provides a sense of belonging and shared beliefs in a community.