1442- exam 1 study guide 1-56

The Baltimore classification system is most likely to be used in organizing which type oforganisms?

viruses

The correct species name for humans is

Homo sapiens

Put the following terms in their correct taxonomic order starting with the one that encompasses the most diversity and ending with the one that encompasses the least diversity

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Which of the following is NOT one of the competing hypotheses for how viruses evolved?

Which is NOT a potential strategy to combat a human virus such as SARS CoV-2?

Creating a vaccine using the live virus

A virion (single virus particle) typically consist of which three components?

-Genetic material (either DNA or RNA)

-Protein coat (capsid)

-Lipid envelope (in some viruses)

What is a "spillover" event?

transmission of a pathogen, such as a virus or bacteria, from one species to another

Prions such as the infectious agent that causes "mad cow" disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) are composed of

misfolded proteins

Which of the following is true of cyanobacteria?

They are photosynthetic

They are unicellular prokaryotes.

They are capable of nitrogen fixation.

They are found exclusively in marine environments.

They are all pathogenic to humans.

An organism that can survive and grow at very high temperatures (80-120C) are called and are most likely to be classified as

thermophiles

n general, what is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes?

biogeochemical cycling and nutrient recycling

What is a "superbug"?

a strain of bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotic drugs

Which is NOT true of Gram negative bacteria

They have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall.

What is a primary goal associated with bioremediation?

Removal or degradation of pollutants and contaminants from the environment using biological organisms

This term describes an organism that obtains both carbon and energy by ingesting other organisms

Heterotroph

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, from what did mitochondria originate?

Endosymbiotic bacteria

Which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium?

Chloroplasts

Endosymbiotic theory accounts for the origin of which component of a eukaryotic cell?

Mitochondria (and Chloroplasts)

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

- Prokaryotes have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

- Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

- Both can reproduce and respond to the environment

What is the correct level of taxonomic classification for Protists?

none

Which clade best fits this description? Phytoplankton with silica (glass) shells that are minedfrom fossilized sediments for use as abrasives and other purposes. These algae also make asignificant contribution to oxygen production

Diatoms

Which clade best fits this description? Phytoplankton with a cellulose shell and two flagella; when these algae are provided with enough nutrients, an overpopulation or "bloom" may lead toa red tide. Red tides may glow in the dark when these organisms are disturbed by wave action, but some species are a public health hazard to humans

Dinoflagellates

While out hiking, you drink water from a stream. Several days later you feel sick with diarrheaand intestinal bloating. Your doctor collects a stool sample and finds parasitic protozoa. You are most likely infected with organisms belonging to which clade?

Apicomplexans or e. coli??

If all mosquitos were replaced with strains that were resistant to infection by the apicomplexan Plasmodium , _____ would most likely be eradicated in humans.

Malaria

During travel to central Africa, you contracted an infection with symptoms of fever, weakness, and lethargy, along with a swollen insect bite. Your doctor collects and stains a blood sample

and finds parasitic protozoa. You are most likely infected with organisms belonging to whichclade?

Trypanosomes

Which Eukaryote clade contains red algae, green algae, and all land plants?

Archaeplastida

Your biology professor is throwing a party, and only opisthokonts are invited. The guest list would surely include

-Fungi (including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)

You have discovered a strange orange blob in your back yard, and you showed it to a local expert who examined it closely and explained that the blob was a "feeding stage" of the organism, made up of one giant cell with many nuclei

slime mold

Green algae differ from land plants in that some green algae

Lack specialized tissues for conducting water and nutrients

Which of the following is correctly described as a primary producer (i.e., a photoautotroph at the base of the food web)?

Cyanobacteria

All eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals have traditionally been called

protists

All protists are

Eukaryotic

Which of the following is reason it is important to understand the causative organism of a disease?

To which group does the fungus responsible for global amphibian declines belong?

Chytrids

Without fungi human civilization would not have

-antibiotics

-fermented foods and beverages

-bioremediation

-deccomposers

Ecological roles of fungi include

Parasitism; Decomposition; Symbiosis with algae

My corrhizal fungi growing in association with plant roots and providing more water and/or nutrient uptake is an example of a _______ interaction

mutualistic

Lichens obtain organic carbon from carbohydrates derived by

-photosynthesis

-algae

-cyanbacteria

An unknown organism can be excluded from classification as a fungus if it

has chlorophyll & cell walls

Fungal mycelia are made of bundles of thread like

hyphae

Many multicellular fungi form super-organisms through _____ followed by _____

plasmogamy/ karogamy

What characteristic do plants, algae, and some bacteria have in common that is not shared with fungi or animals

they can do photosynthesis