NUR 215: Nutrition with 100% accurate solutions + rationales 2026-2027

Lipids

fats

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

Potassium (K) Functions

maintains fluid volume inside cells, muscle action

normal values of potassium

3.5-5 mEq/L

Sodium (Na) functions

maintains fluid volume, allows muscle contractions, contributes to nerve impulses

Sodium (Na) normal range

135-145 mEq/L

Magnesium (Mg) normal range

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Calcium (Ca) normal range

9.5-10.5 mg/dL

Magnesium (Mg) Functions

bone formation, the catalyst for many enzyme reactions, nerve/muscle function, smooth muscle relaxation

Calcium (Ca) functions

bones/teeth formation, blood pressure, blood clotting, nerve transmission

blood glucose

indicates the amount of fuel available for cellular energy

Blood Glucose Normal Range

70-105 mg/dL

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar (<70 mg/dL). can lead to coma

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar (>105 mg/dL). can lead to increase thirst, vision loss, peripheral neuropathy

Albumin

is synthesized in the liver and constitutes 60% of total body protein.

Pre-albumin

level fluctuates daily and is considered a better marker of acute change than albumin. (12-42 mg/dL)

Chloesterol

a wax-like substance needed for the formation of cell membranes, vitamin D, estrogen, and testosterone. Cholesterol is synthesized in the liver, and it is also found in animal foods. (Most important sterol/lipid)

BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered...

overweight

BMI over 30 indicates

obesity

Carbohydrates function

supply energy for the body and brain.

carbohydrates can be broken down into what?

glucose

protein functions

help repair the bodies tissues

mineral functions

assist in fluid regulation, impulse transmission, and energy production. Also is essential to health of bones and blood.

LDL cholesterol

"bad" blood cholesterol, delivers plaque to the arterial walls. < 100 mg/dl

HDL cholesterol

good cholesterol

Macronutrients are

carbohydrates, fat, and proteins

Micronutrients

vitamins, minerals, water (trace elements)

Hyponatremia

low sodium in the blood (<136 meq/L)

What causes hyponatremia?

excess of water in the plasma or loss of sodium rich fluids

Hypernatremia

high sodium levels in the blood (<145 mEq/L)

Hypokalemia

deficient level of potassium in the blood (<3.5 meq/l)

Hyperkalemia

high levels of potassium in the blood (>5.0 meq/l)

Hypocalcemia

an abnormally low level of calcium in the blood (<9.0me/l)

Hypercalcemia

an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood (>10.5 meq/l)

Hypomagnesemia

blood magnesium level less than 1.3 meq/l

Hypermagnesemia

blood magnesium level greater than 2.1 meq/l

Dehydration

Lack of or insufficient water or fluid in the body

Overhydration

too much fluid in the body

Nutrition

the study of food and how it affects the body and influences health

metabloism

the process by which body converts food into energy, which is then carried to individual cells.