BIO FINAL

locked in

Negative Feedback Loop and steps involved

1. Set Point

2. Sensor

3. Integrating Center

4. Effector

Enzyme

A biological catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, enabling essential metabolic processes. Examples:

1. Lock-and-Key

2. Induced-fit

Ionic vs. Covalent

Ionic: Take
Covalent: Share

Buffers

Keeps body at certain pH

Alkalosis vs. Acidosis

1. Alkalosis: pH over 7.45

2. Acidosis: pH below 7.35

Nucleus

DNA control center

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell (ATP)

Ribosome

Protein synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Transportation

Golgi

Packages proteins

Lysosomes

Digestion

Endocytosis

Brings stuff into cell

Exocytosis

Take stuff out of cell

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking

Phagocytosis

Cell eating, breaking stuff down

Hyaline Cartilage

Supports joints

Stages of bone healing

1. Hematoma

2. Soft Callus

3. Hard Callus

4. Bone remodeling

Kyphosis

Hunchback

Lordosis

Inward curve