Final Exam Knowt for History

Vocabulary flashcards covering major social, political, and historical events in US history from the Progressive Era through the 1970s.

Progressive Presidents

Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

Goal of the Progressives

To make social and political reforms

Big Stick Diplomacy

Using the military to achieve American goals

Dollar Diplomacy

Increase American investments in the Caribbean and Central America

Moral Diplomacy

Not using force to assert American influence in the world

Upton Sinclair

Wrote "The Jungle"

Muckrackers

Reform minded journalists who exposed corruption, corporate greed, and social injustices

19th Amendment

Women’s Suffrage

Square Deal

Teddy Roosevelt’s plan for the government to treat everyone equally

Arbitration

Formal meeting to discuss differences

Pure Food and Drug Act

Banned the manufacture, sale and transportation of contaminated goods and products

Teddy Roosevelt

Created the Progressive Party, nicknamed The Bull Moose Party

Yellow Journalism

The exaggeration of a news story to sell newspapers

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established segregation as long as the facilities were equal

William Seward

Orchestrated the purchase of Alaska

USS Maine

Ship that exploded and due to yellow journalism, created the start of the Spanish American War

Triple Entente / Allied Powers

US / Great Britain / France / Russia

Triple Alliance / Central Powers

Germany / Austria-Hungary / Italy

MANIA

Militarism / Alliances / Nationalism / Imperialism / Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Lusitania

British passenger liner that was sunk by German torpedoes (128 Americans killed)

No Man’s Land

Strip of land between trenches

Trench Warfare

Fighting from the protection of deep ditches; prolonged the war

New Technology in War

Airplanes / Tanks / Submarines / Flamethrowers

League of Nations

Created by Woodrow Wilson to prevent future wars

14 Points Plan

14 ways to stop war in the future (opposite of MANIA)

U-Boats

German Submarines

Zimmerman Telegram

Sent by German Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico proposing an alliance

Bolshevik Revolution

Communist revolution that made Russia = USSR; ended Russia’s involvement in WWI

Model T

Nicknamed the Tin Lizzy

Henry Ford

Creator of the Assembly Line

Isolationism

Americans wanting to stay out of foreign affairs

Reparations

Payments for damages caused by the war

Fundamentalism

Believing in the basic truths of religion

18th Amendment

Prohibition; banning the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages

Al Capone

One of the countries most famous and wealthiest gangsters

Volstead Act

Established laws that enforced the 18th amendment

Speakeasie

Secret illegal clubs that served alcohol

21st Amendment

Repelled the 18th amendment and made alcohol legal again

Harlem Renaissance

Increase/celebration of African American culture and talents

Teapot Dome Scandal

Albert Fall; illegal renting of Navy oil reserves

Bull Market

Continual rise in stock prices

Bear Market

Continual decline in stock prices

Borrowing on Margin

Buying stocks on credit with a loan from a broker

Black Tuesday

The day of the Stock Market Crash

New Deal Programs

FDR’s programs intended to lift the country out of the depression

Bonus Army

WWI Vets who wanted their promised bonus early; ended with violence and their encampments burned

Dust Bowl

Caused by droughts and high wind in the midwest

Okies

Farmers who moved west after the Dust Bowl

Fireside Chats

FDR’s informal broadcasts from the White House to the American people

Hoovervilles

Camps made of scrapwood and cardboard from homeless people during the Great Depression (named after Herbert Hoover)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Insured people’s bank accounts up to $5,000

Social Security Act

Created a retirement for people over the age of 67

Appeasement

Giving into an aggressor to keep peace

WW2 Central Powers

German / Austria-Hungary/ Italy / Japan

WW2 Allied Powers

US / Great Britain / France / USSR

Totalitarianism

Government that takes complete control of its citizens lives

D-Day invasion

June 6, 1944. Allied attempt to liberate German occupied France

Anti-Semitism

The hatred and prejudice of Jewish people

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

Dec. 7, 1941

Rationing

System to conserve supplies/food for US soldiers fighting in the war

Holocaust

Hitler’s attempt to eliminate the Jews of Europe (approximately 6 million killed)

Interment Camps

US placing Japanese Americans in camps against their will after Pearl Harbor

Manhattan Project

US project to develop the Atomic Bomb

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Mastermind behind the Manhattan Project

Benito Mussolini

Leader of Italy

Adolph Hitler

Leader of Germany

FDR

President of the US

Joseph Stalin

Leader of USSR

Rosie the Riveter

Symbolic role model for women in the workforce for WW2

Harry Truman

Ordered the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima (1st) and Nagasaki (2nd)

NATO

Democratic alliance made up of US, Canada, Western European countries

Warsaw Pact

Communist alliance made up of Soviet Union and their satellite states

Cold War

The competition between the US and USSR for world power

Duck-n-Cover

Personal protection from a nuclear attack

CIA

Created by the National Security Act to perform secret or covert operations

Iron Wall

Quoted by Winston Churchill, a fictitious line that divided Democratic Western Europe from Communist Eastern Europe

Berlin Airlift

NATO dropping supplies (via airplane) into democratic West Berlin

Sputnik

1st artificial satellite into orbit

House UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC)

Investigated the movie industry for signs of communism

Baby Boom

The sharp rise in babies born after WW2 to the mid 1960s

Red Scare

The fear of communism in the US

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Executed for passing on secret atomic weapons information to the Soviets

Dr. Jonas Salk

Discovered the Polio Vaccine (University of Pittsburgh)

Korean War

Ended with the US threatening to use nuclear weapons (Eisenhower did)

Douglas MacArthur

Led NATO/US troops in the Korean War

Joseph McCarthy

Wisconsin senator who falsely accused people in our government of being communist

Brown v. Board of Education

Struck down on segregation of public schools

Thurgood Marshall

1st African American Supreme Court justice

Rosa Parks

African American seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a public bus; sparked the Montgomery bus boycott

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Civil Rights leader who preached nonviolence, equality and justice

James Earl Ray

Shot and killed Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Sit - Ins

Form of protest where activists would sit at a location and refuse to leave until they were served

Freedom Riders

Civil rights activists who rode buses throughout the south to protest segregated buses and restrooms

Civil Rights Act

Law that states you can not discriminate based on race, age, sex, or religion

24th Amendment

Banned poll taxes

Cuban Missile Crisis

USSR placing nuclear missiles in Cuba; closest US/USSR came to a nuclear war (1962)

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed attempt by Cuban Exiles (trained by CIA) to overthrow Fidel Castro

Lee Harvery Oswald

Alleged shooter of JFK in Dealy Plaza (Dallas, Tx)

Warren Commission

Headed by Earl Warren, group of men assigned to investigate the JFK assassination

Jack Ruby

Shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald