External Factors - Sociologists

Which Sociologists talked about Differences in Socialisation?

Norman

McRobbie

Differences in Socialisation - Norman

most parents think the appropriate socialisation for a girl is to handle her gently, and to encourage her in relatively passive, quiet activities

• parents more likely to read with girls than boys - seen as feminine

• ‘gender gap’ is the result of poor literacy

Differences in Socialisation - McRobbie

‘Bedroom Culture’ effects educational achievement

• girls are socialised to talk and discuss which increases their vocab

• ‘typical boys’ need more time to run around and play and ‘let off stream’ - parents are more likely to be dismissive if their boys are in trouble at school

Which Sociologists talked about Employment?

Bertocchi and Bozzano

Employment - Bertocchi and Bozzano

found that the improvement in female education achievement from the 1980s to the 2000s - explained by the increasing post-school expectations for females and the increasing probability that women could go into high-income occupations relative to men

• women breaking through the ‘glass ceiling’

Which Sociologist talked about Changes to Girls’ Ambitions?

Sharpe

Changes to Girls’ Ambitions - Sharpe

1990s - ‘genderquake’ - upheaval of traditional gender roles and patterns of behaviour, in particular changes in the extent and form of women’s participation in the labour market

• educational success is more important to girls in 1990’s based on their new ambitions

• 1970s - early gender socialisation meant that girls attached relatively little importance to education (after job and well below love, marriage and children)

Which Sociologist talked about Change in Media Representations of Women and Girls?

McRobbie

Change in Media Representations of Women and Girls - McRobbie

studied girl’s magazines in the 1970s and 1990s

• 1970s - magazines emphasised the importance of getting married and ‘not being left on the shelf’

• 1990s - contained images of assertive, independent women