Arthropods and Crustaceans

Arthropoda makes up what percentage of described species?

85%

Term for specialized groups of segments

Tagmatization

Hard, external protective covering secreted by epidermal cells

Exoskeleton

Outermost layer of exoskeleton, waxy lipoprotein:

Epicuticle

Bulk of exoskeleton:

Procuticle

Procuticle is hardened how

Deposition of calcium carbonate

Term for tanning, linking of protein chains to harden procuticle

Sclerotization

Main body cavity is a:

Hemocoel

True or False: fluid typically has little to do with locomotion

True

Fluid within the cavity is

Hemolymph

Molting is also known as

Ecdysis

How does an arthropod/crustacean increase body size?

Molting

What is the biggest risk for the animal after molting?

Vulnerable to predation

Most have a “________” molt before death

Terminal

Where is the Y-organ and what does it do?

In the head; produces ecdysteroid hormone to trigger a molt

Where is the X-organ and what does it do?

The eystalks; inhibits ecdysteroid hormone, preventing molts

What kind of circulatory system and how does it work?

Open; Blood leaves the heart through closed vessels - sinuses. Blood drawn back into the heart directly from hemocoel through perforations called ostia in the heart, as heart expands.

Most common type of reproduction

$$$exual

Class Merostomata is?

Horseshoe Crabs

Merostomata: first appendages

Chelicerae

Merostomata: first pair of walking legs

Pedipalps

Merostomata: toothed food-grinding surface on base of walking legs

Gnathobase

Merostomata: name of 6 appendages on abdomen

Opisthosoma

Which pair of Opisthosoma (1 - 6) are used for reproduction? What are the other 5?

First pair; gills

Considerations for Merostomata husbandry

Open, deep sand bed

LOTS of space

Not great for exhibit - will stay buried for weeks

Eats anything in substrate

Large exhibits with experienced handlers

Crustacea: Head has ___ pairs of appendages, including 2 _______

5; antennae

Class Malacostraca consists of what percentage of all crustaceans?

60%

Malacostraca: thorax has how many segments?

8

Malacostraca consists of what animals?

Crabs, hermits, shrimps, lobsters

Malacostraca have how many mandibles and how many maxillae? What are each used for?

1 mandible: feeding appendage, crush food

2 maxillae: generate water currents and manipulate food

Malacostraca walking legs are called _____ and have ___ pairs

Pereopods; 5

What does “chelate” mean with crustaceans?

Claws

Malacostraca: abdomen has __1__ abdominal appendages. First __2__ are called ___3___ and used for what (4)? Last pair is called __5__ and used for what (6)?

1. 6

2. 5

3. Pleopods

4. Swimming, brooding eggs, developing young

5. Uropods

6. Forms the tail

Malacostraca order Euphausiids are what

Krill

Malacostraca order Stomatopoda are what

Mantis Shrimp

True or False: Mantis Shrimp chooses violence and is comin’ for you

True

True or False: the Orders Isopoda and Amphipoda have a carapace

False

Class Branchiopoda consists of what?

Water Fleas

What was the first crustacean to have their genome sequenced?

Water Flea (Branchiopoda)

Branchiopoda have _____ eggs

Encysted

Class Cirripedia are what?

Barnacles

Cirripedia: feeding appendages that filter food particles

Cirri

What should be provided for molting?

Places to hide

If a molting animal becomes stressed or bothered, what could happen?

Gets stuck in molt - may lose limbs, body fluids, and die

What supports successful molting?

Proper minerals in diet

__________ infections are most common

Bacterial