Biology Test - Aaron T Test
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24 Terms
What is the specific 3D Shape of DNA
A double helix
Which type of bond connects the nitrogen bases in the center of DNA
Hydrogen Bonds
What two components make up the “backbone” of DNA
Sugar and Phosphate
What type of bond holds the DNA backbone together
Covalent bonds
Which scientist(s) are credited with identifying the 3D double helix structure of DNA in 1953
Watson and Crick
What scientist(s) took the X - Ray photo that was essential to Watson and Crick’s discovery
Rosalind Franklin
What was the primary goal of the Human Genome Project (1990-2003)
To sequence all 3 billion bases of the human genome
What are some applications or benefits of the Human Genome Project
Easier testing for genetic diseases, understanding the role of genes in traits or diseases, easier forensics, or understanding human evolutionary relationships
What is the first step of DNA replication
Helicase unzips the DNA
What does it mean that DNA replication is “semi conservative”
Each new molecule us half old and half new
Most mutations are caused by mistakes in which process
DNA Replication
Where in the cell does transcription occur
In the nucleus
What is the purpose of transcription
To use a DNA template to make a complementary mRNA strand
Which enzyme is used during the process of transcription
RNA Polymerase
Where in the cell does Translation occur
At the ribosome in the cytoplasm
What is a codon
A sequence of three nitrogen bases on the mRNA
What is the role of tRNA in translation
It carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that matches the mRNA codon
What are the monomers of proteins
Amino Acids
What is the “Central Dogma” flow of genetic information
DNA → RNA → Protein
What is a genetic mutation
A change in the DNA sequence
What are some functions of proteins
Hormones (cell to cell communications) and Enzymes (speeding up chemical reactions)
What leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm to start translation
mRNA
In cells, when long chains of amino acids (called proteins) are produced, what substance serves as a code for the production of proteins?
DNA
What is the order of the production of proteins in a cell?
1.mRNA is transcribed from DNA
2.mRNA leaves the nucleus
3.Ribosomes translate mRNA
4.Amino acids form polypeptide chain