Grade 10 AP Science - Climate - Factors Affecting Climate
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11 Terms
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5 main factors affecting climate:
\-Latitude
\-Presence of large bodies of water
\-Land formations
\-Altitude
\-Presence of ocean or air currents
\-Presence of large bodies of water
\-Land formations
\-Altitude
\-Presence of ocean or air currents
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Latitude definition
\-A measure of distance from the equator
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Why is climate warmer at lower latitudes and cooler at higher latitudes
* Lower latitudes (near the equator)
\-Sun shines perpendicular and spreads over a small area
\-Radiation passes through less atmosphere so less is absorbed and reflected and more reaches the ground
* Higher latitudes (near the poles)
\-Sun shines on an angle and spreads over a large area
\-Radiation passes through more atmosphere so more is absorbed and reflected and less reaches the ground
\-Sun shines perpendicular and spreads over a small area
\-Radiation passes through less atmosphere so less is absorbed and reflected and more reaches the ground
* Higher latitudes (near the poles)
\-Sun shines on an angle and spreads over a large area
\-Radiation passes through more atmosphere so more is absorbed and reflected and less reaches the ground
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How does the presence of large bodies of water affect the climate
\-Water absorbs and stores more thermal energy than land; water heats up and cools slower than land
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Why are areas near water cooler in the summer than on the land and warmer in the fall than on land
Water takes a long time to heat up as it absorbs thermal energy
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Why do areas downwind from water have more snowfall in winter
As air passes over water not covered in ice, it can absorb water vapour, as air reaches colder land it snows
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How do land formations affect the climate
\-Affects how air moves over an area
\-Can cause more or less precipitation in an area
\-Can cause more or less precipitation in an area
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Rain shadow effect
Dry area on the far side of a mountain
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How does altitude affect the climate
\-At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower due to less air above pushing it down
\-As air from lower altitudes rises, it expands and cools
\-”Alpine climate” - air is cooler than at low altitudes
\-As air from lower altitudes rises, it expands and cools
\-”Alpine climate” - air is cooler than at low altitudes
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How do air currents affect the climate
Prevailing winds pass over ocean & pick up water vapour - wind reaches land, water condenses & rains
Prevailing winds from North Pole cold and dry - wind reaches land, air is colder and drier
Prevailing winds from North Pole cold and dry - wind reaches land, air is colder and drier
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How do ocean currents affect the climate
Warm current heats air above - warm, moist air reaches land, warms land & rains
Cold current cools air above - Cool, dry air reaches land, cools land & creates deserts
Cold current cools air above - Cool, dry air reaches land, cools land & creates deserts