Thermochemistry Vocab

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Last updated 9:12 PM on 5/12/23
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24 Terms

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endothermic
a chemical reaction or process in which the net exchange of energy is positive; energy is absorbed from the surroundings
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exothermic
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a chemical reaction or process in which more energy is released than is required to break the bonds of the reactants; energy is released to the surroundings
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heat of solidification
The amount of heat required to freeze one mole of a liquid substance; equal in value to the heat of fusion but with a negative sign
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heat of condensation
The amount of heat required to condense one mole of a gaseous substance; equal in value to the heat of vaporization but with a negative sign
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standard state
the state of matter in which a substance exists at 25\*C and 1 atm
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universe
System + surroundings
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thermochemistry
The study of heat changes that accompany chemical reactions and phase changes
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thermochemical equation
A balanced chemical equation that includes the physical states of all substances and the energy change, usually expressed as change in enthalpy (ΔH)
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system
The specific part of the universe containing the reaction or process being studied, as defined by the observer
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surroundings
Includes everything in the universe except the system being studied
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heat of formation
The change in enthalpy (ΔH) that is caused by the formation of one mole of a compound in its standard state from its elements in their standard states.
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specific heat
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of any substance by 1\*C
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molar heat of vaporization
The amount of heat required to evaporate one mole of a liquid
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molar heat of fusion
The amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid substance
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joule
The SI unit of heat and energy; abbreviated as J; 1000 J = 1 kJ
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Hess’s Law
States that if two or more thermochemical equations can be added to produce a final equation for a reaction, then the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual reactions is equal to the enthalpy change for the final reaction
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heat
A form of energy that flows from a warmer object to a cooler object
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heat of reaction
The enthalpy change (ΔH) for a reaction; reflected by the difference in the heat content of the products versus the reactants
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heat of combustion
The enthalpy change (ΔH) for the complete burning of one mole of a substance
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enthalpy
The heat content of a system at constant pressure
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energy
The capacity to do work or produce heat
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chemical potential energy
The energy stored in a substance because of its composition / bonds, usually released or absorbed as heat during physical or chemical processes
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calorimeter
An insulated device that is used to measure the amount of heat released or absorbed during a physical or chemical process
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calorie
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water by 1oC