chapter 13 Digestive system

peristalsis

contractions of organ walls to move food

peritoneum

membrane that lines/ supports abdominal cavity

pharynx

throat, goes to esophagus

palate

roof of mouth

uvula

hangs from soft palate, helps with speech

mastification

chewing

LES (lower esophageal sphincter)

stops stomach reflux

pylorus

lower stomach portion that leads to intestine

duodenum

first part small intestine, then jejunum and ileum

villi

small projections in intestinal lining that absorb nutrients into bloodstream or lacteals (lymph capillaries)

cecum

first part large intestine, appendix attached

colon

forms feces

sigmoid colon

last part of large intestine

trasversal intestine

goes above small intestine

hepatic portal system

carries blood to liver

bile

secreted by liver, stored in gallbladder

emulsifies fats

common bile duct

empties bile into duodenum

bucc/o

cheek

gingiv/o

gum

gnath/o

jaw

labi/o

lip

stoma

mouth

proct/o

rectum

hepat/o

liver

chol/e

bile/gall

cholangio

bile duct

caries

tooth decay

emesis

vomitting

gastroenteritis

inflammation of stomach and intestines

barium study

shows GI tract disorders

leukoplakia

white patches on mucous membrane (mouth)

polyps

growth

occult

hidden blood, needs to be tested to see (ex stool sample)

colorectal cancers

dukes classification (A-C)

protoscope

tool for rectum

ostomy

make stoma

anastomosis

connection between organs (ex: colonproctostomy btwn colon and rectum)

hernia

protrusion of organs

hiatal hernia

stomach moves up to chest cavity

pyloric stenosis

opening between stomach and intestines is too narrow

intussusception

slipping of intestinal segment to one below

volvulus

twisting of intestine

ileus

intestinal obstruction by lack of peristalisis

hemrrhoids

vacrose veins of rectum

gastroesophaheal reflex disease GERD

reflux of gastric juices into esophagus, = heartburn

regurgitation

backflow into mouth

barrett syndrome

esophageal mucosa replaced with epithelium because of persistant GERD

Crohn disease

chronic inflammtation of intestional wall (IBD)

Ulcerative Collitis

continous inflammation of colon lining (IBD)

fistula

abnormal passageway between 2 organs

celiac

inability to absorb gluten

diverteculitis

inflammation of diverticula (small pouches in colon)

presence of diverticula = diverticulosis

hepatitis

inflammation of liver and necrosis of liver tissue

jaundice

iderus, yellow skin and bilirubin in blood

bilirubin

pigment released in breakdown of Hb

cholelithiasis

gallbladder stones

cholecystitis

inflammtion of gallbladder

biliary colic

pain

cholecystectomy

removal of gallbladder

ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

visualize and correct biliary and pancreatic duct obstructions

pancreatitis

inflammation of pancrea

cirrhosis

chronic liver disease w degeneration

hepamegaly

enlargement liver

ascites

fluid in abdomen

portal hypertension

increase in pressure in heptic portal

spenomegaly

enlarged spleen