Application of Terminology

This screening tool correctly identifies 90% of people who actually have depression. What is this testing/representing?

Sensitivity

It represents how well the tool catches people who have depression

This assessment correctly identifies 85% of people who do not have a cognitive impairment. What is this testing/representing?

Specificity

It represents how well the tool correctly rules out those who do not have a cognitive impairment

A balance test gives nearly the same score when the same patient takes it twice in one week. What is this testing/representing?

Reliability

Represents consistency of results over repeated testing

A hand function assessment actually measures functional hand use during daily occupations, not just grip strength. What is this testing/representing?

Validity

It represents whether the assessment is measuring what it claims to measure

The test result says the patient has the condition, and the patient truly does have the condition. What is this testing/representing?

True positives

It represents a correctly positive result

The test result says the patient does not have the condition, and the patient truly does not have the condition. What is this testing/representing?

True negative

It represents a correctly negative result

Two different therapists score the same ADL assessment and get very similar results. What is this testing/representing?

Reliability

It represents consistency between different evaluators

A driving assessment is shown to accurately predict whether someone can safely return to community driving. What is this testing/representing?

Validity

Represents the assessment meaningfully tests the real-world outcome it’s supposed to

A fall-risk screening catches most patients who later go on to fall. What is this testing/representing?

Sensitivity

Represents how well the tool identifies people who really are at risk

A fall-risk screening correctly rules out most patients who are not actually at risk for falls. What is this testing/representing?

Specificity

Represents how well the screening tool identifies people who are truly not at risk

A COVID test comes back positive, and the person truly has COVID. What is this testing/representing?

True positives

Represents a positive test result that is correct

A COVID test comes back negative, and the person truly does not have COVID. What is this testing/representing?

True negative

Represents a negative test result that is correctly negative

A pain scale gives consistent results when used repeatedly under the same conditions. What is this testing/representing?

Reliability

It represents whether the measurement produces stable, repeatable results.

A test identifies 95% of people who have a traumatic brain injury. What is this testing/representing?

Sensitivity

It represents how well the test detects people who truly have the condition.

A test correctly clears 88% of people who do not have a traumatic brain injury. What is this testing/representing?

Specificity

It represents how well the test identifies people who truly do not have the condition.

The test says the client does not have a visual processing deficit, and they truly do not have one. What is this testing/representing?

True negative

A study found that a new shoulder rehab program improved pain in college baseball players, but therapists were unsure if it would work for older adults with arthritis. What is this testing/demonstrating?

External validity

A study showed that a strengthening program improved grip strength, and researchers carefully controlled for age, injury severity, and prior therapy history. What is this testing/demonstrating?

Internal Validity

Is a case study an example of primary or secondary source?

Primary source

Is a pilot study an example of a primary or secondary source?

Primary

Is a systematic review an example of a primary or secondary source?

Secondary source

Is a newsletter from a professional organization about a study a primary or secondary source?

Secondary source

What are some examples of professional organizations?

American Association of Occupational Therapy

American Physical Therapy Association

etc

What are some examples of public funding sources? (3)

US Government

CDC

NIH

What is an example of a private charity organization?

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Who would be more likely to find a favorable result to a vaccine efficacy? Pfizer or CDC?

Pfizer

Is the AOTA journal more likely to publish a positive or negative response to a studied PAM?

Positive result