Lecture 4: Nonvascular land plants (Bryophytes)

what are the 3 lineages of Bryophytes

1. liverworts

2. hornworts

3. mosses

whats the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?

vascular plants have a specialized internal system of tubes (xylem and phloem) to transport water and nutrients, while nonvascular plants lack these tissues and absorb water directly through their surfaces

Do byrophytes have roots, stems, or leaves?

no

how do byrophytes move water around

osmosis

do bryophytes have strong support tissue?

no

how many flagella (swimming sperm) do bryophytes have?

2

what habitats are bryophytes most abundant in? Can they survive in the desert?

moist habitats; they can survive in the desert

are bryophytes mostly small or large and why ?

small bc they have no vascular system transport water

define hydroids

cells that moss species have that die and leave a

channel through which water can move.

where do mosses have their stomata?

on their capsules

what are peristome teeth, what is its function? where are they found? Are they hydroscopic (change shape with humidity)? what plant do they specifically exist in?

Peristome teeth line the apex of the

capsule (sporangium). These structures are hygroscopic, i.e.

they change shape with humidity, and

they allow gradual spore dispersal. exclusively exist in moss.

the capsule is also known as the___

sporangnium

describe what moss looks like

erect and leafy

describe what liverworts look like

green, flat leaf-like

where does growth occur on liverworts?

Growth occurs at growing points

at the apex of plant

in liverworts, does the sporophyte remain attached to the larger gametophyte?

yes

do liverworts reproduce sexually, asexually, or both ways?

sexually and asexually

do liverworts have internal water conduction (the movement of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant)?

no

do liverworts have stomata?

no

do liverworts have true roots? if not, what do thy have instead?

Liverworts do not have true roots, but they do have hairs

that anchor them,

do nonvascular plants mycorrhizae

yes

what do liverwort and moss sporophytes have in common? Are there any physiologically dependent structures?

Like mosses the liverwort sporophyte has a stalk (seta) and

capsule (the sporangium)

Sporophyte is attached to the gametophyte and physiologically

dependent on it

define elasters. what group do they specifically exist in?

Assist in spore

dispersal by

flexing in

response to

changes in

humidity. exclusively exist in liverworts.

for hornworts, what do their sporophytes look like

small horns, instead of a capsule like moss and liverwort

how many chloroplasts are in one cell of a hornwort?

1 chloroplast

what region does the sporophyte grow from, in hornworts?

Sporophyte grows from a basal region

capable of indefinite cell division

hornworts have bacteria living in specialized cavities. what are these organisms?

Have a symbiotic relationships with

cyanobacteria that live in internal

cavities and fix nitrogen (make fertilizer for hornwort)