BT4 - PRELIMS

Construction Documents

• consist of contract documents and bidding requirements.

• to communicate the written and graphic design for administration of the construction contract.

Bidding Documents

• term used to describe the documents furnished to bidders

• include not only contract documents, but also bidding

requirements

• supplied by the owner during bidding phase of a project prior to

construction.

Contract Documents

• printed documents that comprise a contract which include owner-architect agreement or contract form, drawings and/or plans, specifications, general conditions, special provisions, all addenda, modifications and changes thereto together with any other items stipulated as being specifically included.

contract forms

These are printed or written document containing

terms and conditions that are set and agreed upon

by contracting parties, the same should be signed by

or on behalf of the parties confirming their

willingness to enter into and be bound by the terms

of the contract.

contract forms inclusions

• agreement

• performance bond

• payment bond

• certificates

performance bond

The approved form of security furnished by

the contractor and his surety as a guarantee of

good faith on the part of the contractor to

execute the work in accordance with the

terms of the contract.

payment bond

The approved form of security furnished by

the contractor and his surety as a guarantee of

good faith on the part of the contractor to pay

all obligations arising from the contract.

certificates

Include certificates of insurance and certificates of compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Conditions of the contract

These consist of the general conditions,

supplementary conditions, and other conditions.

Conditions of the contract

those portions of the contract documents which define, set forth, or relate to contract terminology, the rights and responsibilities of the contracting parties and others involved in the work, requirements for safety and compliance with laws and regulations, general procedure for the orderly execution and management of the work, payments to the contractor, and similar provisions of a general, non-technical nature.

General conditions

Printed documents stipulating the procedural

and the administrative aspects of the contract;

it also sets forth the many of the rights,

responsibilities, and relationships of the

parties involved

Supplementary conditions

represent that part of the contract documents which supplements and may also modify provisions of the general conditions

Special provisions

instructions which may be

issued to the bidding to supplement and/or

modify drawings, specifications, and/or general conditions of the contract.

Specifications

written document describing in detail the scope of work to be done, materials and equipment to be used, method of installation or application and the quality of workmanship for a certain work to be placed under contract, it does not include material cost and quantity; an explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product or service; a written, verbal description of work to be performed.

Specifications

usually utilized in conjunction

with working (contract) drawings in building

construction.

supplementary specifications

additional information which may be issued as an addition or amendment to the

provisions of the specifications

guide specifications

standardized document intended to provide guidance to the

specifier in preparing a particular portion of the contract documents

drawings

graphical presentations of the work

involved in the project. These include all

supplementary details and shop drawings. The

drawings may include schematic diagrams

showing such things as mechanical and electrical

systems. They may also include schedules of

structural elements, equipment, finishes and other

similar items

working drawings

intended for use by a contractor, sub-

contractor or fabricator, which form part of the

contract documents for a building project; it

contains the necessary graphical information to

manufacture, erect, fabricate or construct a

building or portion thereof

Engineering Drawing Documents

are technical

in nature, used to fully and clearly define

requirements for engineering items or work,

and is usually created in accordance with

standardized conventions and details.

Contract modifications

Instructions, change orders, directives, and so on,

written after execution of the contract;

those additions to, deletions

from, or modifications of the work that are made

after the agreement has been signed

Change orders

written order to the contractor, signed by the

owner and the architect/engineer, issued after

the execution of the contract authorizing a

change in the work, or an adjustment in the

contract sum, or the contract time as originally

defined by the contract documents

Field orders

A written order effecting a minor

change in the work (e.g. the labor to produce

the construction required by the contract

documents, or materials or equipment

incorporated or to be incorporated in such

construction), not involving an adjustment in

the contract sum or an extension of the contract

time, issued by the architect/ engineer to the

contractor during the construction phase

Supplemental instructions

• minor instructions or interpretations not involving

change orders.

• allow the architect/ engineer to direct changes not

involving changes in contract sum or contract

time.

Project manual

complete set of bid and contract documents that

include the bidding requirements, contract forms,

contract conditions and project specifications

Submittal

Document or material provided to the

Architect/Engineer for review or acceptance

specification

• an explicit set of

requirements to be satisfied by a material,

product, or service

• one of the Contract

  Documents, deserve as much care and attention

  as working drawings.

Specification

written or printed description of work to be

done, forming part of the contract and

describing qualities of material and mode of

construction, and also giving dimension and

other information not shown in the drawings

Legal consideration

Courts generally held on the event of conflict

between drawings and specifications, the

specifications, as a written document, govern.

Insurance consideration

requirements governing owner’s

liability, contractor’s liability, and fire

insurance are usually incorporated in the

general conditions or in supplementary

conditions and again, made a part of the

specifications by incorporation therein

Bidding requirements

include the Invitation

to Bid, the Instructions to Bidders, the Bid

Form, and the Bid Bond.

Alternates

-established by the architect

and owner for the deletion of work, the

addition of work and for the substitution of

materials.

- are written and are listed

in the Bid Form.

Sub-contractor’s Limits

Drawings generally

show all work to be done and the

interrelationship of various parts.

Contractor limits

General Requirements

establish the limits of each prime contract

Inspection and Testing Procedures

specifications established

inspection and testing procedures to be

followed during the construction operations

Performance Specification

specification that stipulates how a particular

component or system must perform without

giving the means to be employed to achieve the

results

Descriptive Specification

specification that stipulates the exact quantities

and qualities or properties of materials to be

furnished and how they are to be assembled or

installed in a construction

Reference Specification

specification that refers to a standard

specification to indicate the properties desired in

a material or component and the methods of

testing required to substantiate the performance of

products; a standardized mandatory language

document prescribing materials, dimensions and

workmanship, incorporated by reference in the

contract documents, with information in the

madatory requirements checklist; refers to a

standard established for either a material, a test

method, or an installation procedure, these

standard similarly are predicated on either

descriptive or performance criteria

Proprietary specification

specification that stipulates the use of specific

products, systems, or processes without provision

for substitution; one in which the specifier states

outright the actual make, brand name, model

number, catalog number, and other proprietary

information of a product or the installation

instruction of a manufacturer is indicated

Brand name specification

type of specification where the desired

product is specified by the name given by the

manufacturer or by the manufacturer’s name

and model number

Closed specifications

generally brand name

specifications. This is used basically where

material is required to match existing material

in terms of quality, type and performance

Open specification

because all manufacturers whose

product meet performance or description

specified, may qualify to bid. All performance

and descriptive specifications are open. Brand

name specifications are open if the phrase “or

equal” is used.

Combination Specification

may be a combination

of performance, descriptive and reference

specifications but never a combination of open

and closed specification.

Method System

employed when the specifier

describes in detail the materials, workmanship,

installation, and erection procedures to be used by

the contractor in the conduct of their work

operations in order to achieve the result expected.

Clear

no ambiguity (use proper grammar,

choose precise words to convey intent)

Correct

technically (provide precise

information or data; use proper terminology)

Concise

no excessive verbiage (avoid unnecessary words)

Complete

information content (do not omit

important or necessary information)

Imperative Mode

is the recommended method for instructions covering installation of

products and equipment. The verb that clearly

defines the action becomes the first word of the

sentence. The imperative sentence is concise and

readily understandable.

Indicative mode

traditional language of specification sentences

is the indicative mode, passive voice. This requires

the use of the word shall in nearly every statement.

This sentence structure can cause unnecessary

wordiness and monotony.

Shall

When used in a specification, the word shall is

used with reference to the work required to be

done by a contractor or supplier. It denotes the

things the supplier shall do, documents they shall

supply, features they shall build into the

equipment, or performance levels the equipment

shall meet.

Will

used in connection with acts and

actions required of the owner or of the architect/

engineer. Thus verb form will is used by the

owner or purchaser as a self-imposed

requirement. It denotes the information the

owner will supply, documents the owner will

review, and approvals the owner will issue- all at

the proper time.

Streamlined Mode

technique uses a colon (:) to mean shall or

shall be. Streamlined specifications are very

concise and clear to read. The subject indicated

before the colon is helpful especially when

checking for keywords.

MASTER SPECIFICATIONS

include

items of work normally encountered by that

organization. Each master section includes standard

clauses normally applicable to the item of work and

lists numerous possible alternatives.

MasterSpec

master specification for the

construction industry developed by Production

Systems for Architects and Engineers (PSAE), now

the Professional System Division of the American

Institute of Architects (AIA)

Spectext

copyrighted by the Construction

Sciences Research Foundation and publushed by

Construction Specification Institute. It is published

in CSI’s 16-division format

SPECSystem

(the successor of SweetSpec) is an

interactive expert system for writing specifications.

First, a computer dialogue takes place between a

project architect or engineer and the computer’s

CD-ROM (compact disk, read only memory)

containing the software and data files; the dialogue

mimics that which would occur between an

architect or engineer and an expert specification

writer

16 Divisions Masterformat

GenSitConMasMetWoodnPlasticsThernMoistureDoorsnWinFinSpecEquipFurnSpecConConvMechEl

Estimates

Approximation, projection or prediction of a

quantity of work; a statement of the approximate or

projected cost of work to be done, such a building

or any other project that entails material, labor and

services costs; a general calculation of size, value,

magnitude, extent of work to be done including

materials, labor and other parameters that require

quantification.

Quantity Survey

A term describing the detailed calculation of all

components necessary to construct a building

generated by quantity of materials, labor and other

parameters; a detailed analysis and listing of all

items of materials and equipment necessary to

construct and complete a project.

Detailed Estimate of Construction Cost

A forecast of construction cost prepared on the

basis of a detailed analysis of materials and labor

for all items of work, as contrasted with an estimate

based on current area, volume, or similar unit costs.

Bill of materials

A term used to describe the materials, sub-

components needed to manufacture a finished

product.

User-unit Method

This estimating method involves the

determination of user or occupants to quantify

space and to establish cost, e.g. number of

students, patient beds, inmates, etc.

Area method

Estimating by area method involves costing and

quantification using area and multiplier or factor.

This method is commonly used to provide a

rough estimate of project cost by multiplying area

by cost per unit area (usually square meter) based

on prevailing rate.

Volume method

This method involves a three-dimensional aspect

of the project. Such method is an extension of the

area method but involves the height of the

building project as height affects cost of the

project.

Parametric method

involves the identification of

several major factors in estimating such as

architectural, structural, electrical, plumbing/

sanitary, mechanical, etc. components of the

project each with a corresponding percentage

cost.

Modular cost method

estimates applies to repetitive work

or work made of similar components or project

composition such as apartment, housing units or

hospital room units where cost can be calculated

based on the cost per unit, the total cost of the

project can be calculated by multiplying the unit

cost and the number of units.

Detailed estimate by quantity take-off method

This method is considered as the most precise of

the different types of estimating method.

Materials are quantified base on specifications –

1type, composition, application, commercial sizes

and other parameters.

Combination method

This method may be used although not that

accurate if the project and the scope of work is

incomplete or some areas of the project are not

clearly defined, hence, a combination of different

methods becomes practicable