Internet & World Wide Web: How to Program Comprehensive Final Exam Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts, terms, and definitions related to the Internet, web development technologies, programming languages, and database management, based on the comprehensive final exam study guide.

Moore's Law

Computing power approximately doubles every 1-2 years while costs fall.

Cloud Computing

Software, hardware, and data hosted on remote servers accessed via the Internet.

HTML5

HyperText Markup Language — specifies the content and structure of web pages.

CSS3

Cascading Style Sheets — specifies presentation and styling separately from content.

JavaScript

Client-side scripting language that makes pages dynamic and interactive.

jQuery

Most popular JavaScript library; simplifies DOM manipulation, event handling, and Ajax.

Client-side Scripting

Code runs in the browser (HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript); doesn't need a web server.

Server-side Scripting

Code runs on the server in response to client requests.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator — identifies a specific resource on the web.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol — the protocol for transferring web pages between clients and servers.

HTTPS

HTTP Secure — encrypted version of HTTP.

Web 2.0

Second generation of the web that emphasizes user participation, interactivity, and social connectivity.

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier; identifies resources, with URL being a type of URI.

W3C

World Wide Web Consortium; sets web standards.

Bit

Smallest unit of data, can be 0 or 1.

Byte

8 bits; represents one character.

Field

Group of characters with meaning (e.g., a name).

Record

Group of related fields.

File/Table

Group of related records.

Database

Organized collection of related files/tables.

Machine Language

Binary code that the CPU executes directly.

High-level Language

Human-readable language that requires compilation or interpretation.

Compiler

Translates the entire source program to machine code before execution.

Interpreter

Translates and executes program one statement at a time.

Object

A reusable software unit that models a real-world entity; has attributes and behaviors.

Class

A template or blueprint from which objects are created.

Encapsulation

Hiding internal implementation details from the user of the object.

Inheritance

New classes absorb attributes and behaviors of existing classes.

Polymorphism

One interface, many implementations.

HTML5 Document Structure

Contains , , , , among others.

Void Element

HTML elements that don’t have a closing tag (e.g.,
, ).

Form Method

Specifies how form data is sent; GET (URL) or POST (request body).

CSS Selector

Pattern used to select the elements you want to style.

JavaScript Variable Declaration

Using var keyword to declare a variable.

Callback Function

A function passed as an argument to another function.

DOM

Document Object Model; represents an HTML document as a tree of node objects.

XML

eXtensible Markup Language; used to structure, store, and transport data.

Ajax

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML; allows for asynchronous requests to update parts of a page.

PHP

Open-source server-side scripting language used for creating dynamic web pages.

Superglobal Arrays

Built-in global arrays in PHP that access user input and server information.

MySQL

Open-source relational database management system.