Breeding Soundness Evaluation and Artificial Insemination in Cattle

What is a Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE)?

A procedure to evaluate the fertility potential of bulls, including physical and reproductive examinations.

Why is the BSE considered valuable in cattle management?

It serves as 'calf crop insurance' by ensuring bulls are fertile, which directly impacts calf production.

What are the three justifications for utilizing a BSE?

1) Highly fertile bulls sire more fertile daughters, 2) Higher percentage of females bred, 3) More females bred earlier in the season.

What components are included in a routine BSE?

Physical examination, reproductive examination (internal and external), and semen collection and examination.

How are bulls classified in a BSE?

Bulls are classified as satisfactory, unsatisfactory, or deferred based on their examination results.

What is the significance of scrotal circumference in a BSE?

It indicates the sperm-producing capacity of the bull and is a criterion for passing the exam.

What is assessed during the physical examination of a bull?

Vision, mandibular symmetry, feet condition, and general conformation.

What should be evaluated during the external genital examination?

Conformation of the sheath, testicle movement, symmetry, and scrotal circumference.

What does the internal genital examination involve?

Palpation of the seminal vesicles, ampullae, and internal inguinal rings to check for abnormalities.

What is the minimum threshold for sperm motility in a BSE?

At least 30% motility.

What is the minimum threshold for sperm morphology in a BSE?

At least 70% normal sperm out of 100 total sperm examined.

What does a BSE provide regarding a bull's fertility?

It provides a snapshot of the bull's breeding potential and historical fertility based on sperm quality.

What are the advantages of artificial insemination (AI) in cattle?

Genetic improvement, control of venereal disease, better recordkeeping, economic benefits, and safety.

What is the recto-vaginal insemination method?

A technique for AI that involves entering the rectum to locate the cervix for insemination.

What is the correct angle for inserting the insemination gun during AI?

30-45 degrees upward to avoid entering the bladder.

What should be done after depositing semen during AI?

Allow at least 5 seconds for the semen to be deposited before gently pulling the gun out.

What problems may occur during AI insemination?

Issues include incorrect gun angle, muscle contractions, air in the rectum or vagina, and difficulty passing the cervix.

What is the recommended temperature for thawing AI straws?

32°C to 35°C (approximately 95°F) for 45 to 60 seconds.

What precautions should be taken after thawing semen?

Prevent cold shock by avoiding exposure to low temperatures and dry the straw with a clean paper towel.

What should be done before using an AI catheter?

Palpate the cow and orient yourself with the cervix to ensure proper placement.

What is the importance of common sense during AI procedures?

It helps troubleshoot issues and ensures a successful insemination process.

What is the role of the sperm morphology assessment in a BSE?

It is critical for determining the quality of sperm and must never be excluded from the exam.

What is the impact of a bull's fertility on calf production?

Higher fertility in bulls leads to increased calf production and better herd performance.

What is the purpose of evaluating the bull's feet during the physical examination?

To identify any defects or conditions that may affect the bull's mobility and breeding ability.

What should be checked for during the external genital examination?

Injury to the sheath and prepuce, and the symmetry and texture of the testicles.

What is the significance of palpating the epididymes during the external examination?

To check for pain or abnormalities that may indicate underlying health issues.

What is the role of the rectal exam in preparing for electroejaculation?

It helps evaluate internal structures and prepares the bull for the introduction of the probe.

What should be done if the insemination gun tip is obstructed during AI?

Adjust the position to ensure the gun tip enters the uterine body without obstruction.

What is the consequence of depositing semen halfway through the cervix?

It reduces the chances of conception due to improper placement.