Philosophy Final

Fallacies of Relevance

Appeal to Force

Threatening you

Ex: If you don’t pick up your toys ill spank you

Appeal to Pity

Ex: Please don’t fire me, ill be homeless

Appeal to the people (Appeal to fear)

Ex: If you don't vote for my opponent, this country will be destroyed by rising crime and economic ruin

Appeal to the people (Bandwagen)

Ex: Well everyone else is going to the concert you should too!

Appeal to the people (Appeal to vanity)

Do it because a higher admired person is doing it

Ex: You wanna be skinny like Adriana Lima? Buy Ozempic

Appeal to the people (Appeal to Snobbery)

Ex: I want a Lamborghini so i can impress people.

Appeal to the people (Appeal to Tradition)

Ex: I dont care you don’t like turkey, we always have turkey for thanksgiving.

Appeal to the people

Plays on peoples need to be loved, wanted and have security

Ad Hominem (Against the person)

Attacking the Person over the argument

Ad Hominem (Abusive)

Verbally abusing the person

Ad Hominem (Circumstantial)

ex: attempts to discredit the opponent's argument by alluding to certain circumstances

Ad Hominem( tu quoque/you too)

arguer attempts to make the first appear

to be hypocritical or arguing in bad faith.

Ex: Pearl saying 30 year old unmarried women who dont have children are useless yet she is 30 and unmarried without children.

Accident

Ex: a specific case within a general rule such as promising you go to coffe appointment but you gave someone CPR in that case, so therefore it was ok to break your promise

Strawman

Ex: Distorting your opponent point and then refuting it

Missing the point

Just wrong conclusion

Red Herring

NOT addressing the argument just going off track

Fallacies of weak induction

Appeal to unqualified authority

Ex: Football player saying football is hardest sport (he's biased)

Appeal to ignorance

ex: no evidence against unicorns therefore unicorn real

ex: no evidence for aliens therefore aliens not real

Hasty Generalization

too small of sample size

False Cause

Correlation isn't causation

False cauce (Gamblers Fallacy)

if i buy 100 lotto tickets i will win.

Slippery slope

standarized testing> death of all humanity

Weak analogy

Ex: women wearing revealing clothes being SA to a car being robbed