Rocky Mountain Flora Final Exam ( New Material edition)

Showy Monocots

Liliaceace, Orchidaceae, Iridaceae

Grass-Like Monocots

Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Junaceae

Boraginaceae

herbaceous, wet areas

Leaves: simple, lobed, alt, hairy!

Flowers: radial, perf, 5,5,3,2

Inflor: Helicoid Cyme (UNIQUE FEATURE)

Fruit: nutlet, gynobasic style

Myosotis Genus to know

Myosotis

Leaves: Simple, entire, hairy

Flower: Radial, perf, 5,5,3,2, salverform corollas, contrasting eye

Fruit: nutlet

Lamiaceae

Herb/Shrub

Leaves: opp, dentate, aromatic, SQUARE STEMS

Flowers: bilat, perf, 5,5,4,2 fused

Inflor: Raceme or axillary cluster

Fruit: 4 nutlets

genus: Agastache

Agastache

Herb

Leaves: opp, dentatem SQ STEMS, Skunky scent

Inflor: terminal whorled spike

Mimulus (genus)

Leaves: opp, simple

Flower: bilat, perf, 5-fused, 5-fused, 4 epi, 1 superior ovary

Fruit: Capsule

touch sensitive stigmas, wet habitat

Penstemmon (genus) (Beardtongue)

(similar to mimulus)

Leaves: opp

Flowers: bilat, sterile filaments w hairs

Arid habitat

Fruit: capsule

Castilleja (genus)

hemiparasite

Leaves: linear, pinnately divided, opp/alt

Flower: bilat, reduced flowers (colorful part not flower --> Bracts)

Capsule Fruit

Phlox (genus)

cushion plants (missoula endemic species)

Leaves: opp, linear, simple

Inflor: solitary/raceme

Flower: radial, 5fused, 5 fused, 5 epi, 3 fused

Fruit: capsule

Dodecatheon (genus)

Leaves: simp, entire, basal

Inflor: solitary

Flower: reflexed petals, 5,5,5 epi, 5 superior

Fruit: capsule

Buzz pollination

Solanaceae

tomato, pepper, potato fam

Leaves: alternate, oft deeply lobed

Flower: radial, perf, 5,5,5,2 superior ovary

Fruit: berry/capsule

Solanum (nightshade genus)

Leaves: lobed

Flowers: reflexed petals, radial, perf, 5-merous

Buzz Pollination

Apiaceae (carrot fam)

Leaves: alt,basal, pinnately comp (look ferny)

Inflor: compound umbel (UNIQUE)

Flowers: radial, perf, small, 5,5,5,2 fused

Fruit: schizocarp

lomatium genus to know

Lomatium (genus)

found in rocky grasslands

Inflor: compound umbel (UNIQUE)

Flowers: oft yellow, small, radial perf, 5,5,5,2 fused

Fruit: scizocarp

Edible Taproot

Asteraceae (fam)

large diverse fam!

Inflor: head with involucre bracts!

ray flowers, disk flowers, and combo!

Fruit: achene w pappus

Leaves: basal rosette common

Genus: balsamohiza, centarea, artemisia

Balsomorhiza

long lived perennial

Leaves: arrow shaped, fuzzy

Flower: ray and disk flower ( looks like little sunflower)

Centaurea (thistle)

perennial herb w taproot

Leaves: simple, lobed, compound

Flower: all disk flower (but with skinny petals)

Artemesia (sagebrush)

dryland shrub

Leaves: simple, lobed, hairy, aromatic

Flower: all disk, very small and non-showy

Monocots

- 1 cotyledon

- vascular bundles

- no secondary growth (wood)

- parallel veination

- 3-merous flowers (3/6/9/)

Dicots

- 2 cotyledon

- vascular cambium ring

- Yes, secondary growth

- reticulate veins

- flowers variable

Iridaceae

Found in plains

has rhizomes

Leaves: simple, linear, sheathing bases, eqitant leaves

(iris genus to know)

(monocot)

Iris

Leaves: simple, linear, sheathing at base

FLowers: 6 tepals, 3,3, radial, perf

1 petalloid style with 3 branches, inferior ovary

Fruit: capsule

Inflor: determinate cyme

Liliaceae

(monocot)

perennial herb often w bulb/corm

Leaves: simp, linear, no petiole

Inflor: variable

Flowers: perf, radial, 6 tepal, 6 st, 3 gyn, superior ovary

Fruit: capsule (sometimes berry)

Genus: Fritillaria, Erythronium

Fritillaria (yellowbell)

perennial herb often w bulb/corm

Leaves: simp, linear, no petiole

Inflor: solitary

Flowers: Bell-like petals, perf, radial, 6 tepal, 6 st, 3 gyn, superior ovary

Fruit: capsule

Erythronium (glacier lily)

perennial herb often w bulb/corm

Flowers: long and reflexed petals, perf, radial, 6 tepal, 6 st, 3 gyn, superior ovary

Fruit: capsule

Leaves: simp, linear, no petiole

Inflor: solitary

Orchidaceae

perennial herbs, extreme diversity

Leaves: oval, not always parallel veins, oft basal rosette

Inflor: solitary, raceme, spike

Flowers: bilat, perf, 5 tepals, 1 lip petal, 1 fleshy column, 3 fused inferior ovary

Fruit: capsule with lots of seeds

Calypso (genus)

Flower: solitary, orchid traits

Leaves: usually a single leaf

small herbaceous plant

Poaceae

looks like grass, some use C4 photosyn

jointed stems, open sheath, floret with 2 bracts

2-ranked leaves with hollow stem and swollen nodes

Inflor: spikelets with glumes, and florets

Fruit: caryopis

genus: festuca, agropyron

Agropyron (bluebunch wheatgrass)

(poeaceae)

larger plant, bluish-green color, swollen nodes

"grasses like asses have holes"

Festuca

(poeaceae)

Leaves: thread-like (rolled)

Inflor: loose panicle of spikelts, no auricles

stem joints not apparent, smaller than bluebunch

"grasses like asses have holes"

Spikelet

Know Name and Anatomy like Photo

Cyperaceae (sedge fam)

perennial herbs with corms for storage

triangular stems - sedges have edges

Leaves: 3-ranked, leaf sheath sealed/closed

Inflor: various spiklets NO GLUMES one bract

Flower: variable no sep/pet

Fruit: achene

Carex

(Cyperaceae/sedge)

many spec in MT

unisexual flowers, but monoecious plants

follows fam traits - edges

Juncaceae (Rushes)

wetlands/alpine areas

Stems: round and solid (not hollow) open sheath

"rushes are round"

Flowers: perf, radial, very small but actual flowers

Fruit: capsules - multi seed

Juncus

(in rush fam)

round pithy leaves

very reduced flowers

bracts below inflorescence

Luzula (Juncaceae)

rush with more defined flowers

grass-like leaves that are usually arranged in a basal tuft, with a distinctive feature of fine, white,, soft hairs on the edges of the leaf blades.