Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems

_____ use surveillance as well as variation in time and altitude to keep aircraft separated

controllers

Surveillance is a combination of equipment that provides real-time information about the _____ and ______ of aircraft

position, altitude

TCAS equipment is carried entirely on board the aircraft and ______ depend on any ground-based systems

does not

TCAS equipment functions by:

1. interrogating transponders in the aircrafts vacinity

2. recieving and analyzing replies

3. confirming position of aircraft via pilots

4. determining if any aircraft represents a potential collision hazard

5. providing advisory information to the flight crew

1, 2, 4, 5

Currently there are no CARs requiring private operators to be equipped with TCAS

True

There are _____ type(s) of TCAS in use today.

2

What are the two types of TCAS in use today

TCAS I, TCAS II

The level of protection provided by TCAS depends on

the TCAS version the aircraft is carrying, the type of transponder on board the aircraft

TCAS offers protection from intruder aircraft not equipped with an operable transponder

False

TCAS issues ____ type(s) of advisories if a potential collision hazard is identified

2

The ____ type(s) of advisories offered by TCAS are/is

2: Traffic Advisory (TA), Resolution Advisory (RA)

_______ alert a pilot to the traffic that may be a conflict

Traffic Advisory

Resolution advisory (RA) gives pilots a means to ______ the conflict

avoid

TCAS I includes a ______ and _____ display

computer, pilot

TCAS I is capable of providing a _____ but not a ______

TA, RA

TCAS II includes all of the following except:

• Computer

• Pilot Display

• Mode S Transponder

• Mode II Transponder

Mode II transponder

TCAS II is capable of providing ____

Both TA and RAs

RAs include a means of avoiding conflict ______ by either _____ or _____ existing vertical separation

vertically, increasing, maintaining

TCAS is also capable of providing lateral RAs by having aircraft turn left or right to avoid conflict

False

TCAS II Systems include _____ components.

4

What are the 4 main components of a TCAS II system

transponder, computer, display, speaker

______ is an aircraft receiver-transmitter that sends a coded signal to ground-based equipment and aircraft TCAS system

Transponder

To recieve a TA or RA, _____ aircraft must be equipped with operating transponders

both

A transponder has ____ modes, they are

3, Mode A, Mode C, Mode S

A transponder that transmits an identifying code that allows surveillance equipment, but not TCAS equipment to display a target without altitude information would be in which mode

Mode A

A mode C transponder transmits the same information as Mode A plus _______ for display on both surveillance and TCAS equipment

altitude

Mode S transmits the same information as Mode C plus it permits ______ between aircraft

data exchange

Which display shows the position of the traffic relative to the TCAS aircraft to assist the pilot in visually acquiring the intruding aircraft

TA Display

The RA indicates whether the pilot should initiate a _____ or ______, as well as the ______ of climb/descent that must be achieved to increase separation from the threatening aircraft

climb, descent, vertical rate

When a TA is issued, the TCAS computer announced ____ to direct the pilot to look at the TA display and locate the traffic

TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC

When the conflict has been resolved, the TCAS computer announced

Clear of Conflict

TCAS algorithms classify intruders into ______ of _____ discrete levels

one, four

The four discrete intruder levels in a TCAS algorithm are

Intruder, Threat, Proximate, Other Traffic

an _____ aircraft is one that satisfy TCAS II traffic advisory detection criteria

Intruder

Threat intruder aircraft are aircraft that satisfy the threat detection logic and thus require a _____

RA

_____ traffic is an aircraft within ____ NM in range and ± _____ ft vertically from the interrogation aircraft, but do not meet the TCAS II thresholds of a TA or RA

Proximate, 6 NM, 1200ft

Other traffic are aircraft more than ± _____ ft vertically or ___ NM from interrogation aircraft that are neither RA or TA

1200ft, 6 NM

Proximate intruder traffic meet the TCAS II thresholds of a TA or RA

False

Time criterion refers to the ______ between the aircraft

rate of closure

TCAS issues an RA ____ to _____ seconds before a potential collision depending on altitude

15, 35

TCAS issues a TA if the intruder aircraft has a Mode ____ or ____ transponder and a collision is predicted to occur within the next _____ seconds depending on altitude

C, S, 20 to 48

________ ensure one aircraft climbs while the other descends

complimentary RAs

Intruder aircraft _____ are invisible to TCAS-equipped aircraft so neither a TA or RA are provided

without transponders

Intruder aircraft equipped with only a Mode A transponder ______ be tracked or detected by TCAS II because TCAS II ____ use Mode A interrogations

cannot, does not

Mode A transponder aircraft are _____ to TCAS equipped aircraft

invisible

Intruder aircraft equipped with ______ without altitude input will be tracked as a non-altitude replying target

Mode C transponder

Intruder aircraft equipped with Mode C Transponders without altitude input are deemed to be at ____ altitude as the interrogation aircraft

the same

In an encounter between two ______ equipped aircraft, the two computers will communicate using the ______ data link

TCAS II, Mode S

CARs permits pilots to deviate from ATC insutrction or cleareance in order to follow TCAS ___

RAs

Controllers ______ responsible for providing separation between the aircraft responding to an RA and any other aircraft affectd as a direct consequence of the manoeuver initiated by the RA

are not

If an aircraft manoeures outside the limits of its clearance due to an RA, the controller is responsible for separation between it and other traffic

False

When the RA has been resolved, aircraft must advise ATC they are returning to their previously assigned clearance or subsequen amended clearance

True

According to The Manual of Air Traffic Services (MATs), what are the steps controllers must take when TCAS cause aircraft within your section to perform manoeuvres beyond what you were expecting

1. Provide Traffic Alerts

2. Inform Your Supervisor

3. Advise Other Aircraft

4. Provide Separation betwen the responding aircraft and other aircraft affected by the manoeuvre

5. Resume Responsibility for Seperation after an aircraft has responded to an RA

1, 2, 3, 5

You must resume responsibility for separation after an aircraft has responded to an RA when the aircraft informs you that:

1. the manoeuvre is complete

2. manoeuvre is in progress

3. it has returned to its assigned altitude

4. it has maintained a new, unassigned altitude

5. it is following an alternate clearance

6. you have verified separation exists

1, 3, 5, 6