BIOL 2108 Exam 1 Study Guide Exam 1 will consist of 60 multiple-choice questions. Likely a few matching sections built in

Binomial Nomenclature

The scientific naming system that consists of two parts: the genus and species name.

Eukarya

One of the three classification domains, which includes plants, animals, and fungi.

Archaebacteria

Unique bacteria characterized by distinct lipid structures, pseudopeptidoglycan cell walls, and distinctive RNA sequences.

Endosymbiosis

The process by which mitochondria originated from the ingestion of non-sulfur purple bacteria by ancient eukaryotic cells.

Prions

Infectious agents composed of protein, associated with diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.

Influenza Virus

A type of virus classified under the family Orthomyxoviridae.

Acellular

Describes viruses, which are not composed of cells and cannot reproduce independently.

Origin of HIV

HIV is believed to have originated from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) found in primates.

Endospores

Structures formed by some bacteria like Bacillus anthracis to protect their DNA in extreme conditions.

Nitrogen Fixing

The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) to ammonia (NH₃) by certain bacteria like Rhizobium.

Binary Fission

A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Bacterial Shapes

The three major shapes of bacteria: cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral-shaped).

Horizontal Gene Transfer

A process in prokaryotes that includes transformation, conjugation, and transduction.

Glomus Species

Fungi that form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations with plant roots, facilitating nutrient exchange.

Chlamydia

An STD caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.

Diversity in Protista

Includes diverse organisms such as Amoeba, Chlamydomonas, and Giardia.

Ciliates Nuclei

Ciliates like Paramecium have two types of nuclei: a macronucleus for everyday functions and micronuclei for reproduction.

Pelomyxa palustris

An example of protozoan movement, showcasing unique amoeboid characteristics.

Irish Potato Famine

A disaster in 19th century Ireland caused by the potato blight Phytophthora infestans.

Trypanosomiasis

A disease caused by the Trypanosoma parasite, transmitted by tsetse flies.

Lysogenic Cycle

A viral replication process where a phage integrates into the host genome and may enter a lytic cycle under stress.

Leishmaniasis

A disease caused by Leishmania parasites, transmitted by sandflies, leading to skin lesions.

Coccolithophores

Algae that contributed to the chalk formations known as the White Cliffs of Dover.

Linnaeus

The scientist who developed the system of binomial nomenclature.

HIV Infection Mechanism

HIV uses CD4+ T cells, CCR5 co-receptors, and gp120 to gain entry into host cells.

Benefits of Yeast

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used in baking and brewing and serves as a model organism in genetics.