Lab Chapter 19

This image depicts what? Identify. Function

Tongue

Blue: Papillae - provide friction to help grab food

Pink circle: Taste buds (found along the outside of each papillae) - help us taste

Green: Lingual salivary gland (intrinsic gland) - secretes salivary amylase

Red: Lingual salivary gland ducts - carries the saliva and enzymes from lingual salivary gland

Pink star: Skeletal muscle (makes up the bulk of the tongue) - moves tongue

Identify the following:

Lingual salivary glands

Skeletal muscle

Taste buds

Papillae

What are the 5 types of taste

1. Salt

2. Sweet

3. Sour

4. Bitter

5. Umami (delicious)

Identify each organ. What are the layers of each?

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (all have the same 4 layers)

- Starting from the lumen out (hole in the middle)

1. Mucosa

2. Submucosa

3. Muscularis externa

4. Adventitia/serosa

What are the individual parts of each layer? What is the function of the 3rd & 4th layer?

1. Mucosa

• Stratified squamous or columnar epithelium

• Lamina propria (just connective tissue)

• Muscularis mucosa

2. Submucosa

• Jungle (has nerves, arteries, veins, glands, etc)

3. Muscularis externa

• Function is peristalsis: to move food

• Circular muscle (inner layer)

• Longitudinal muscle (outer layer)

4. Adventitia or serosa

• Adventitia: Sticky, allows organ to stick to other structures

- Serosa: Produces serous fluid to reduce friction with other organs

What organ is this? Identify the parts.

Function of grey and pink

Esophagus

Purple: Mucosa (first 3 parts bc mucosa has 3 layers)

Grey: Stratified squamous epithelium (notice the multiple layers of flat cells) - function is protection

Green: Lamina propria

Pink: Muscularis mucosae: shake off food that gets stuck

What organ is this? Identify. Function of purple

Esophagus

Green” Submucosa

Purple: Esophageal submucosal mucous gland - makes mucus so food can slide down the pipe

Pink: Opening of Esophageal submucosal mucous gland

Red: Muscularis externa

Dark red: Outer longitudinal layer

Orange: Inner circular layer

Blue: Adventitia

What organ is this? Identify

Esophagus

Black: Stratified squamous epithelium

Red: Lamina propria

Orange: Muscularis mucosae

Blue: Submucosa

Green: Circular muscularis externa

Light blue: Longitudinal muscularis externa

What is this image depicting? Function? Where is the only place this is located?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Protection

Only found in the esophagus/mouth

What organ is this? Identify. Function of teal and blue

Stomach

Black: Mucosa

Grey: Simple columnar epithelium

Purple: Lamina propria

Pink: Muscularis mucosae

Teal: Gastric glands - secrete gastric juice

Orange: Gastric pits (openings of gastric glands)

Neon Green: Submucosa

Dark green: Middle circular layer

Dark red: Outer longitudinal layer

Blue: Serosa - produce serous fluid to reduce friction between organs

Red: Muscularis externa

True or false: The esophagus is the only organ whos mucosa is made up of stratified squamous epithelium

What abt the Adventitia/Serosa?

True. Every other organ is simple columnar epithelium

- The esophagus is the only one that has adventitia. The other organs have serosa.

How does the muscularis externa of the stomach differ from the esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine? Why does this make sense?

- The muscularis externa of the stomach is made up of 3 layers: Inner oblique layer (not shown in the model), middle circular layer, and outer longitudinal layer. The other organs are only made up of the last two.

- The extra layer allows the stomach to perform mechanical digestion.

What organ is this? Identify. Function of blue

Stomach

Black: Mucosa

Blue: Gastric pit - where food is digested (holes at the top)

Green: Gastric gland (holes in the middle)

Dark red: Muscularis mucosae

Red: Submucosa

What organ is this? Identify

Stomach

Black: Mucosa

Purple: Muscularis mucosae

Blue: Submucosa

Red: Muscularis externa

Dark red: Inner oblique layer

Green: Middle circular layer

Pink: Outer longitudinal layer

What organ is this? Identify. Function of teal and orange

Small intestine

Black: Mucosa

Grey: Simple columnar epithelium

Purple: Lamina propria

Pink: Muscularis mucosae

Orange: Intestinal crypts - secrete intestinal juice

Teal: Villi - increases surface area for absorption and digestion

Neon Green: Submucosa

Red: Muscularis externa

Green: Middle circular layer

Dark red: Outer longitudinal layer

Blue: Serosa

What organ is this? Identify What is function of pink?

Small intestine

Purple: Mucosa

Black: Villi

Dark red: intestinal crypt

Light green: Submucosa

Blue: Lymphatic nodule with a Peyer’s patch (Pink)

• Peyer’s patch does surveillance of food, protect from pathogens (Know this he said this will definitely be on the exam)

Teal: Muscularis externa

Green: Serosa

What organ is this? Identify each arrow

What are the small circles seen in structure indicated by the purple arrow?

Small intestine (know this bc it has Villus). The small circles are goblet cells, which function in producing mucous.

Purple: Mucosa

Black: Villus

Dark red: Intestinal crypt

Red: Submucosa

Blue: Lymphatic nodule (with peyer’s patch)

Pink: Muscularis externa (inner circular layer)

Green: Lamina propria

What organ is this? Identify

Small intestine

Black: Mucosa

Green: Inner circular muscularis externa

Red: Outer longitudinal muscularis externa

What organ is this? Identify. Function of organ and function of color orange

Large intestine (looks just like small intestine except there is no villi). Function: Absorb water, the pores in the middle is where water absorption takes place.

Black: Mucosa

Grey: Simple columnar epithelium

Purple: Lamina propria

Pink: Muscularis mucosae

Orange: Intestinal glands - secrete mucus. This mucus helps to smooth the passage of feces after the large intestine absorbs water from it.

Neon Green: Submucosa

Red: Muscularis externa

Green: Inner circular layer

Dark red: Outer longitudinal layer

Blue: Serosa

What organ is this? Identify.

Large intestine

Black: Mucosa

Purple: Muscularis mucosae

Red: Submucosa

Blue: Inner circular muscularis externa

Dark Red: Outer longitudinal muscularis externa

Green: Goblet cell

Pink: Intestinal gland

What organ is this? Identify. What is the function of the blue?

Parotid gland (Salivary gland)

Blue circle: Serous acini (cluster of cells) - secrete saliva (make amylase) into intercalated ducts

Pink: Ducts with a simple epithelium

Red: Ducts with a stratified epithelium

Purple: Connective tissue septa

What organ is this? Identify the parts

Parotid gland

Blue: Serous acini

Purple: Intercalated duct

Red: Striated Duct

What organ is this? Identify Function of blue and red

Pancreas

Blue: Pancreatic acini (majority of the cells are acini, dark purple) - they make various digestive enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase, and nuclease

Red: Pancreatic islets (1% are are these cells, the light purple) - control sugar, make insulin and glucagon

What organ is this? Identify. Function of red.

What role does the pH play?

Pancreas

Blue: Pancreatic acini

Red: Pancreatic duct - carries enzymes and alkaline fluid. The high pH of pancreatic juice helps neutralize the acidity of gastric chyme.

What organ is this? Identify the acini and islets

What organ is this? identify. What makes up the structure in red?

Liver (bc it is reddish brown)

Blue: Liver lobules - metabolism and break down of blood

Pink: Central vein (hole in the middle of every lobule) - carries filtered blood from the lobule

Green: Hepatocytes and sinusoidal capillaries

Red: Portal triad (made up of a vein, artery, and a duct)

What functional advantages are provided by having stratified epithelium in the esophagus and simple epithelium in the small intestine?

Stratified epithelium provides protection in the esophagus, and the simple epithelium in the small intestine allows for nutrient absorption.

Identify the organ

A - Taste buds

B - Tongue

C - Small intestine

D - Large intestine

E - Esophagus

F - Stomach

G - Small intestine

H - Parotid gland

I - Stomach

J - Pancreas

K - Liver