Physics Fundamentals: Heat, Electricity, and Waves Key Concepts
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22 Terms
Kinetic Energy
The energy that an object possesses due to its motion.
Heat
A form of energy that is transferred between systems or objects with different temperatures.
Law of Conservation of Energy
A principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Heat Transfer
The process of thermal energy moving from a hotter object to a cooler one.
Freezing Point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid, typically 0 degrees Celsius for water.
Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor, typically 100 degrees Celsius for water at standard atmospheric pressure.
Friction
The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
Force
An interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.
Velocity
The speed of an object in a given direction.
Ohm's Law
A law stating that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
Current Electricity
The flow of electric charge, typically measured in amperes.
Sound Waves
Vibrations that travel through air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear.
Wavelength
The distance between successive crests of a wave, typically used in the context of sound or electromagnetic waves.
Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time, often measured in hertz (Hz).
Amplitude
The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.
Reflection
The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface that it cannot pass through.
Refraction
The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed.
Angle of Incidence
The angle between the incident ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence.
Angle of Reflection
The angle between the reflected ray and the normal to the surface at the point of reflection.
Transmittance
The fraction of incident light or other radiation that passes through a substance.
Nanometer to meter equivalence
1 nanometer (nm) is equal to 1 x 10^-9 meters.