chemistry - ionic bonding

how are ions formed?

when an atom gains or loses electrons

what is the charge of an ion in group 1?

+1 - they lose one electron from the outer shell

• eg. sodium Na⁺¹

what is the charge of an ion in group 2?

+2 - they lose 2 electrons from the outer shell

• eg. magnesium (Mg²⁺)

what is the charge of an ion from group 3?

+3 - lose 3 electrons from the outer shell

• eg. aluminium (Al^{3+ )}

what is the charge of an ion from group 5?

-3 - gains three electrons for a full outer shell

• eg. nitrogen - N^3-

what is the charge of an ion from group 6

-2 - gains 2 electrons for a full outer shell

• eg. oxygen - O^2-

what is the charge of an ion from group 7?

-1 - gains one elelctron for a full outer shell

• eg. chlorine - Cl^-1

what is the charge of a silver ion?

Ag²⁺

what is the charge of a copper ion?

Cu²⁺

what is the charge of an iron (II) ion?

Fe²⁺

what is the charge of an iron (III) ion?

Fe³⁺

what is the charge of a lead ion?

Pb²⁺

what is the charge of ammonium

NH₄⁺

what is the charge of hydroxide?

OH^-

what is the charge of sulphate

SO₄^2-

what is the charge of carbonate?

CO₃^2-

what is the charge of nitrate?

NO₃-

what is the charge of hydrogen carbonate?

HCO₃^-

what is the overall charge of an ionic compound?

the overall charge should be NEUTRAL - the ions should cancel eachother out