Zoonosis And Vector-Born Diseases

what is a microbe/microorganism

a tiny biological agent too small to see without a microscope

what are the main types of microbes

bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoans, viruses

are all microbes harmful

no. some cause disease, but others help with food, antibiotics, nitrogen fixation

what is a pathogen?

a microbe that causes illness or death

what is zoonosis?

a disease that spreads from animals to humans

what is a vector?

an organism, usually an arthropod, that carries disease

what is a vector-borne disease?

a disease spread by the bite of an infected anthropod

examples of vectors?

mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, bugs

main difference between zoonosis and vector-borne disease?

zoonosis = animal to human. vector-borne = anthropod bite

example of a zoonotic disease?

rabies

example of a vector-borne disease?

malaria

how can zoonotic diseases spread?

skin contact, bite/scratch, or contaminated food

how do vector-borne diseases spread?

bite of an infected mosquito, tick, flea, or bug

what causes malaria?

plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite

what vector causes malaria?

anopheles mosquitoes

where is malaria most common?

warmer/tropical regions, especially developing countries

how does global warming affect malaria?

it expands the range of disease-carrying developing countries

what are some malaria symptons/effects?

kidney impairment, edema, proteinuria, high cholesterol

how much does malaria cost globally each year?

about $12 billion in treatment/prevention

was malaria ever endemic in the U.S.?

Yes until the 1940s

how does population contribute to disease emergence?

more people = more crowding, contact, spread

how does pollution contribute to vector-borne disease?

fossi fuels → greenhouse gases → warming → more insect range

what contributes to hemorrhagic fever, dengue, and ebola emergence?

changes in agriculture and migration

what contributes to hantavirus emergence?

increasing rodent contact

what contributes to Lassa fever emergence?

urbanization

what contributes to lyme disease emergence?

urbanization in forested areas

what contributes to E. coli HUS emergence

mass food processing

what contributes to cryptosporidium diarrhea?

contaminated water

what conributes to mad cow disease/BSE?

farming and mass food processing

how can you prevent vector-borne diseases?

protective clothing, repellents, bed nets, window screens, remove standing water

what kind of repellent should you use?

EPA-approved insect repellents

what helps prevent mosquito bites while sleeping?

insecticide-treated bed nets

what diseases are viral

Hemorrhagic fever, dengue, ebola, hantavirus, lassa fever

which diseases are bacterial

lyme and e.coli