Sectional II - Final Questions

Functions of the thyroid

Memory, weight loss/gain, heart rate, cholesterol levels, skin conditions, energy levels through synthesis or hormones

triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), calcitonin

Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland

posterior, medial

Parathyroids are ______ to the thyroid on the ______ border

anterior

The thyroid is _____ to the trachea

parathyroid gland

Parathyroid hormone is secreted by

endocrine

Is the thyroid an exocrine or endocrine gland?

homogenous with medium level echoes

Sonography of thyroid

pituitary glands

Regulates secretion of thyroid hormones

Calcitonin

Which thyroid hormone is important for maintaining a dense, strong bone matrix, and regulating blood calcium

Parathyroid hormone

Secreted by parathyroid gland and regulates serum calcium levels

Thyroid cartilage

Two flat plates that join together at the neck midline is called:

cricoid cartilage

This is located inferior to the thyroid cartilage

left and right lung

The mediastinum is located between the:

4

How many parathyroid glands are there?

Cold nodules

Which nodule is more suspicious for malignancy and don’t absorb iodine on nuc med tests

Pyramidal lobe

An accessory lobe, arising from superior from isthmus in up to 30-40% of people is a normal variant known as:

Strap muscles

Three muscles anterolateral to thyroid gland is termed:

Salivary glands

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands

posterior, left

The esophagus is ____ to the thyroid and on the ____ side

Sternothyroid muscle

Strap muscle closest to thyroid

Parotid gland

Largest salivary gland

inferiorly

Etopic parathyroid glands are likely to be located inferiorly or superiorly?

Homogenous and hypoechoic

Parathyroid sonography

Sternocleidomastoid

Largest and most lateral neck muscle

Hot nodules

Absorb radioactive iodine on a nuc med test

True

True or false? The thymus is not seen routinely on adults

False

True or false? Ultrasound can be used for procedural guidance for structures located deep (posterior) in mediastinum

Iodine

The thyroid gland needs _____ to produce thyroid hormone

fat

With age the thymus gland becomes replaced with:

4-6cm L 1.5-2cm W

Thyroid measurement

4-6mm

Isthmus measurements

False thyroid capsule (pretrachial fascia)

Surrounds thyroid gland

True thyroid capsule

Adheres to thyroid surface

Longus colli muscle

hypoechoic triangular muscle adjacent to vertebrae

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Controls thyroid secretion

5-7mm

Parathyroid measurements

coarser in texture

Compared to the testis, the epididymis is:

Verumontanum

Where does the seminal vesicle and vas deferens join the urethra?

Ejaculatory duct

Connect the seminal vesicle and vas deferens to the urethra

pampiniform plexus

A group of veins in the spermatic cord that drain into left and right testicular veins

seminal vesicles

reservoir for sperm located posterior to the bladder

Mediastinum

A linear stripe of variable thickness running though testis in crainiocaudal direction and is most hyperechoic on ultrasound

Tail

What part of the epididymis is not visualized during an US of the normal scrotum?

appendix testes

Attached to the superior pole of the testis between epididymis and the testis is the:

Homogenous with mid-level internal echoes

Sonography of scrotum

tunica albuginea

The testes are covered by a fibrous capsule formed by the

testes, epididymis, spermatic cord

The scrotum contains:

peripheral zone

outermost layer of prostate is the:

verumontanum

The ejaculatory duct meets up with the urethra at the:

left renal vein

the left gonadal vein drains into:

inferior vena cava

the right gonadal vein drains into:

Prostatic specific antigen

evaluates function of prostate

<0.4 normal

HxWxLx.52

Aorta

Testicular arteries originate from the

Head

Largest part of epididymis

Prostatic urethra

Urethra passes through the center of the prostate

two corpus cavernosum and single corpa spongiosum

Three cyndrical masses of tissue that compose the penis

True

True or false? Cryptorchidism is a common cause of male infertility

True

True or False? The seminal vesicles are superior and posterior to prostate

False

True or False? The seminal vesicles are hyperechoic to the prostate

4th

What month does the testicles descend to level of the bladder

7th

What month odes the testicle descend through the inguinal canal to scrotum

cremaster muscle

muscle that surrounds testicles and extends over spermatic cord and regulates temperature

Median raphe

Externally divides scrotum laterally

Tunica dartos

Internally divides scrotum into sacs

Bell clapper deformity

testicle is not attached to scrotal wal andl torsion can result in

efferent ducts

rete testes empty into

Buck’s fascia

thick fibrous envelope and loosely applied covering of skin superficial to unica albuginea

20%

How much wider should the blood pressure cuff be when doing an arterial study?

axillary artery

the subclavian artery originates at inner border of scalenus muscle and travels to border of first rib to become:

2

What pulse is considered weak

external iliac artery

Becomes the femoral artery beneath the inguinal ligament

Posterior tibial artery

artery scanned at medial malleolus and travels down medial calf terminating into plantar arteries

peroneal and posterior tibials

Tibial-peroneal trunk bifurcates into:

Brachial artery

What artery in the arm is the blood pressure obtained from?

Hunters canal

Femoral artery travels through ______ and terminates at opening of adductor magnus muscle

Pulse volume recording

PVR

False

True or false? Pain in feet at rest indicates mild disease

True

True or False? True claudication symptoms easily reproduce with the same amount of activity

subclavian artery

Vertebral artery originates from the

Tibial peroneal trunk

takes off after anterior tibial artery and bif into pta and peroneal artery

genicular arteries

major branch of pop arerties

10-15 mins

Before ABI exam patient should rest _____ before beginning exam

20 mmHg

Cuff should be inflated _____ above point where signal disappears

calcified arteries

Excessively high ABI corresponds to

>70% stenosis

PSV >230

Plaque >50%

Ratio >4

EDV >100

50-60% stenosis

PSV 180-230

Plaque >50&

Ratio 2-4

EDV 40-100

Normal to <50% stenosis

PSV <180

Plaque none-<50%

Ratio <2

EDV <40

False

True or False? A bruit is a risk factor for DVT

False

True or False? DVT in upper extremity are more of risk of causing PE as they are closer to the heart

inguinal canal

External iliac vein is considered common femoral at the level of the

Bruit

A stethescope can hear this swishing or blowing sound which is tissue vibration from blood flow in stenotic artery

external responds to temporal tap and internal doesn’t

What factors help positively identify ECA vs ICA?

False

True or False? Unilateral arm swelling is an indication of carotid ultrasound

dysphasia

Difficulty speaking

Acute thrombosis

Light echogenic material is seen with dilated vein, spongy texture and is not compressible

Chronic thrombosis

Light material seen with contracted vein, rigid texture, and doesn’t contract

Below

Is the CFV shown transverse medial to CFA just below or above inguinal ligament?

Soleal veins

Peroneals and PTVs communicate with ____ veins that are blood resevoirs in calf

Greater saphenous vein

Longest vein in body

Perforators

Smaller veins that connect deep and superficial veins are