Medical ethics final- MCQs

PAR 215 UNCW

Vacco v. Quill was brought to court based on the claim that the ban on physician-assisted suicide violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment.

True

The Vacco v. Quill ruling provided constitutional support to state laws banning physician-assisted suicide

True

Washington v. Glucksberg was brought to court based on the claim that the right to physician-assisted suicide was protected by the Due Process Clause of the 12th Amendment

False

The Washington v. Glucksberg ruling established that the right to assisted suicide was protected by the Due Process Clause

False

In "Active and Passive Euthanasia: An Impertinent Distinction", Thomas Sullivan defends the AMA position on euthanasia.

False

The distinction Sullivan thinks is implied by the AMA statement is the distinction between intending death (death is the aim or goal of the caregiver’s action) and foreseeing that death may be a side effect (death is a by-product or side-effect of the caregiver’s action).

True

According to Sullivan, what matters most is whether death is intended by the caregiver. Whether it is by active means or passive means is impertinent.

True

According to Sullivan's view, no acts of letting die are morally worse than some acts of killing

False

The most central distinction Sullivan thinks is implied by the AMA statement is the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary means

False

Steinbock's main thesis that most abortions are not wrong is really amounts to the thesis that first trimester abortions are not wrong

True

Steinbock argues that first trimester fetuses can be wronged even if they are not yet sentient

False

According to Steinbock, without past experiences, there is no one with a personal future

True

Steinbock argues that no person P can be psychologically continuous with a preconscious entity E since E has no beliefs/desires that will, at some later time, be P’s, and since a fetus (or embryo) is a preconscious entity, for any fetus F, She concludes that abortion does not rob the fetus of a valuable future like ours (this is because there is no future person with whom the fetus is psychologically continuous, i.e., identical) if the psychological account is true

True

Steinbock argues that since, for any person P, P is physically continuous with some earlier ovum and sperm, and since, physically speaking, any person can be traced back to her parents’ gametes, it follows that, for any person P, P is one and the same person as some earlier ovum and sperm. She argues further that, if robbing some entity or entities of a valuable future like ours were what makes killing wrong, then preventing an ovum and sperm from uniting would amount to a wrongful killing, also

True

In "Passive and Active Euthanasia", James Rachels offers reasons for rejecting the AMA doctrine concerning the distinction between passive and active euthanasia

False

According to Rachels, acts of active euthanasia may never be more humane than acts of passive euthanasia.

False

According to Rachels, the doctor does nothing in acts of passive euthanasia

False

According to Rachels, there is an important moral difference between killing someone and letting them die

False

According to Rachels, the AMA doctrine concerning active and passive euthanasia is based on the distinction between killing and letting die.

True

Marquis attempts to explain why an embryo has moral rights or moral standing

True

Marquis attempts to explain what makes murder morally wrong and then show why abortion counts as murder according to this analysis

True

Marquis's account of why abortion is immoral does not present clear advantages over Pope John Paul II's account

False

According to Marquis, what makes murder wrong is the loss to the victim of the value of its future, which includes a set of experiences, projects, and activities.

True

According to Marquis, the future of a standard fetus includes a set of experiences, projects, and activities which are similar to but not strictly identical with the futures of young children

False

Leo Oltzik was not terminally sedated

False

Doctors who perform terminal sedation say that the goal is never to end someone's life but only to make the patient more comfortable.

True

Doctors are often reluctant to discuss particular cases where they have terminally sedated patients out of fear that their intentions will be misunderstood

True

Lyla Correoso was terminally sedated

False

Some critics of the practice of terminal sedation refer to it as "slow euthanasia".

True

The principal criterion for justified paternalism Goldman considers is that an individual be acting against his own predominant long-range value preferences

True

Goldman argues that patients who consult doctors really desire to be cured above all else.

False

Which of the following is NOT a premise in the case for medical paternalism considered by Goldman

The physician always knows what is best for the patient

Goldman argues that autonomy (or self-determination) is:

Independently valuable because we value it in itself

According to Goldman, the physician is always able to assume a particular value ordering for his patient

False

Before it metastasized, Sara Monopoli had...

Lung cancer

Discussion between physicians and patients and patients and families brought La Crosse, Wisconsin's end-of-life costs down to nearly half of the national average

True

In the Gawande article, who explained that "the difference between standard medical care and hospice care is not the difference between treating and doing nothing... [rather] the difference is a matter of priorities."

Creed

According to Gawande, these days, swift catastrophic illness is the exception; for most people, death comes only after long medical struggle with an incurable condition—advanced cancer, progressive organ failure (usually the heart, kidney, or liver), or the multiple debilities of very old age.

True

According to Gawande, telling most patients and their families they can "just say when" to stop treatment for the terminally is not asking too much

False

Dax was unwavering in his feeling that it was wrong for him to have had treatment forced on him and for him to be kept alive against his will when he wanted to die

True

How many psychologists both evaluated Dax Cowart's mental and decisional competence and determined that Dax was competent to make decisions concerning his care?

Two

Which of the following did Dax not do sometime after being released?

Get married

How many psychologists both evaluated Dax Cowart's mental and decisional competence and determined that Dax was not competent to make decisions concerning his care?

One

Working with Dax Cowart made a substantial and profound impression on the caregivers who administered to him.

True

According to Buchanan and Brock, there are serious risks associated with any account of decisional competence that does not propose objective standards for the correct decision.

False

According to Buchanan and Brock, an adequate standard of competence will focus primarily on...

the process of reasoning that leads up to the decision

Buchanan and Brock endorse a fixed minimum threshold conception of competence

False

Buchanan and Brock discuss the differences between the grounds for calling a patient's competence into question and the grounds for a finding of incompetence

True

Buchanan and Brock discuss conflict between the values of self-determination and well-being.

True

Ackerman explains that autonomy, as it is typically defined, has three key features

False

Ackerman argues that one function of medical care is to return control to patients who have lost it.

True

Ackerman argues that the legal model for doctor-patient interaction does not fall short

False

According to Ackerman, the more complex moral challenge is to use confidential information in a way that will help to give the patient more freedom.

True

Ackerman argues that physical and cognitive constraints are the only impediments to autonomous behavior

False